Agrorobotica Your Partner in Precision Agriculture and Farming

Agrorobotica Your Partner in Precision Agriculture and Farming Management Strictly Confidential – For private distribution only - October 2017

Pest damages § Within the most distinctive agricultural products wine and olive oil play a key economic role. As a matter of example California wine industry has an annual turnover of over 45 bio USD while the whole US market reaches a whopping 115 bio USD (cfr www. wineinstitute. org). In Italy the wine industry has recently crossed 10 bio EUR (www. coldiretti. it); § Each agricultural product has insects that can jeopardise the annual production. Vine moths (Lobesia Botrana) and the olive fruit flies (Bactrocera Oleae) are serious menaces to farmers and their attacks cause every year serious economic damages; § The Lobesia Botrana can cause severe damage to vines in a fluctuating manner. Its behaviour is heavily conditioned by weather, it attacks the cluster at different times of the season, producing on average 2 to 3 generations per year. In recent years climate changes made moth attacks more frequent. The damage results in a loss of production in terms of both quality and quantity; § The Bactrocera Oleae is a serious economic pest of olive groves. The olive fly causes damages during feeding and oviposition. ; § Subsequent damage can result in fruit drop and direct destruction of fruits due to secondary infection; § The damage results in a loss of production in terms of both quality and quantity; § Traditionally this pest has been fought with insecticide treatments. Technique of mating attraction through sex pheromones have been used since the beginning of the seventies. Recently similar techniques have been used for mass distraction intent; § Traditionally this pest has been fought with insecticide treatments, but even repeated treatments may be ineffective in case of massive infestation. In recent times there has been a growing interest in the technique of mating disruption distributing sex pheromones. These techniques are attracting more and more interest due to the greater attention paid to biological insecticide; Spy. Flies – Private and confidential 2

Current state of the art Monitoring for pests and diseases is a fundamental first step in creating a proper integrated pest management (IPM) program. Targeting pests at the right time with the right product can save farmers money, make pest control program more effective, and help preserve the beneficial organisms on each farm. There are different ways to monitor for insect pests in orchards and vineyards and one popular method is pheromone traps. Pheromones are chemicals produced by some species of insects (probably in way more species than we now know) to communicate with members of the same species. Frequently, these are 'sex pheromones' which a female produces to attract a male moth. Typical pheromones traps are made of sticky sheet where males get trapped once they fly over it, and a pheromones ‘cap’ or ‘lure’ that release the sexual attraction. Once the lure is positioned and released, sticky traps are hanged in the field and the monitoring process kicks off. Unfortunately the practice of installing and monitoring the traps can be both time consuming and frustrating for the farmer and most of the time its effectiveness is put in danger. Spy. Flies – Private and confidential If traps get full of dirt, other insects or leaf bits, or if they sag from being wet for too long, sticky leaf have to be changed and the pheromone lure transferred to the new trap. Traps should be checked not less than twice a week on the same days and time. Smaller frequency is not often enough because does not allow to get a good approximation of peak flights. Trap instruction teaches to scrape out moths and other insects with a small spatula or scraper. Dangerous insects have to be than identified and counted. During this phase it is key to know what to look for otherwise a false signal is registered. Relying on gut feeling can be dangerous and the support of specialists and local entomologists is often required but this takes time and can jeopardised the whole monitoring process. If the process of monitoring the traps has been carried out correctly farmers can understand if a particular pest is present in the adult form in the area. A greater number of traps in the orchard increases the accuracy of the information gathered but a monitoring process carried out as described above is so inefficient that most of the time it ends up in a negative double whammy with the production affected by insects anyway and money spent in traps and monitoring. 3

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Smart Monitoring Issues: Crops revenues highly impacted by bugs and harmful insects due to lack of flexible and automated monitoring The state of the art major deficiencies can be summarized as follows: Solution Agrorobotica is currently developing a high-tech pheromone trap named: Spy. Flies, with the following main distinctive features: • Real Time (multiple per day) accurate bug presence measuring; • No updated real time information on bugs presence; • No easy ways to perform human driven monitoring, specially in large crops; • Historical information are not always adequate due to climate change; • Automated and integrated with Farm IT (if any); • Natively integrated with security and surveillance platforms; • Natively integrated with UC platforms (e. g. Cisco Spark/APIs, Web. Ex) for biz process optimization and automatic alerting; • Late anti-parasite procedures causes Billions € of damages; • Easy and flexible solution to address multiple crops/bugs based on per-site needs; • Uncertainty on the presence of bugs pushes farmers in spraying insecticides even when they are unnecessary to prevent crop losses; • Integrated with multiple sensors for ancillary benefits (e. g. watering, weather/ground monitoring, etc. ); Spy. Flies – Private and confidential

Smart Monitoring Spyflies is an innovative tool that allows farmers, based on observing (and responding to) intra-field data, to enhance their farm management and reduce their response to pest attack and changing weather conditions. With on site image time lapse collection and advanced sensors, Spyflies can optimize reaction times while optimizing and ultimately reducing the spreading of pesticides. Further understanding of grove variability, geolocated weather data and precise sensors should allow improved automated decision-making and complementary watering techniques. Benefits of Spyflies are easily identifiable: • Immediate in-place information about issue and needs; • Cost effective Solution As A Service easily deployable; • Integrated with Cisco UC for smart collaboration and alerting; • Natively integrated with GIS (both open source and ESRI possible); • End to end integrated and automated: Sensors, algorithm, database and data generation; • System efficiency grows with adoption due to historical real time data processing; Spy. Flies – Private and confidential

Smart Monitoring in a nutshell Spy. Flies – Private and confidential 7

Smart Monitoring - when landscape get though Spy. Flies – Private and confidential 8

Spyflies – what’s inside • Trap and Camera for bug presence algorithm • Second camera (large fov) for real time event triggered video streaming (and SMS alerting) • Humidity (air and soil), Temperature (air and soil), relevant gasses (e. g. VOC, CO 2…) • Microprocessor for local processing • Solar panel for charging (optional for stand alone unplugged Spyflies) • Li. Po battery for power • Ruggedized and remotely flashable . Spy. Flies – Private and confidential

Spyflies – unique values • Immediate in-place information about issue and needs • Cost effective Solution As A Service easily deployable • Integrated with Cisco UC for smart collaboration and alerting • Natively integrated with GIS (both open source and ESRI possible) • End to end integrated and automated: Sensors, algorithm, database and data generation • System efficiency grows with adoption due to historical real time data processing . Spy. Flies – Private and confidential

Contacts Agrorobotica S. r. l. Via Citerni n. 13 – 58020 Scarlino – Grosseto – Italy Andrea Sozzi Sabatini Email: andrea@agrorobotica. it Tel: 0039 392 88 3 55 20 [optionally] Title of presentation 11

Disclaimer Agrorobotica does not assume any responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or accuracy of the information, forecasts and opinions expressed in this presentation. Subject to the provisions of the current law, all the information and data contained in this document constitute confidential information and shall be subject to confidentiality and confidentiality requirements. Any reproduction, dissemination, disclosure or publication of any kind, whether total or partial, that is not expressly authorized in writing by Agrorobotica is forbidden. Agrorobotica rende noto che non assume alcuna responsabilità circa l’esattezza, la completezza o l’accuratezza delle informazioni, previsioni ed opinioni qui allegate. In rispetto di quanto disposto dalle vigenti norme di legge, tutte le notizie e i dati tratti da questo documento costituiscono informazioni riservate e sottostanno agli obblighi di confidenzialità e riservatezza. E’ vietata qualsivoglia riproduzione, diffusione, divulgazione o pubblicazione, sia totale che parziale, non espressamente autorizzata per iscritto da Agrorobotica. [optionally] Title of presentation 12