AGRICULTURE and HUMAN IMPACT on the BIOSPHERE Chapter
AGRICULTURE and HUMAN IMPACT on the BIOSPHERE Chapter 6 Slide show by Kelly Riedell/Brookings Biology
HUMAN POPULATION You are here http: //www. learner. org/jnorth/spring 2002/species/spring/Update 041902. html#Humankind
https: //mycupofcareisempty. files. wordpress. com/2011/11/overpopulation. gif WORLD POPULATION World clock • Current world population is just over _______ • Estimates predict it will reach 9 billion by 2050 http: //www. peopleandplanet. net/
Does this look familiar? What is the Earth’s carrying capacity?
SUSTAINABILITY How can we grow enough food for all the people on the planet without destroying the environment? http: //www. enjoy. org/hstech/Hunger. Site 02/america/Ford. Schwartz/ http: //ejcw. org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/640 x 360 -ag-runoff. jpg
Importance of Agriculture By middle of 20 th century, despite agricultural advances there were ________in many parts of the world. http: //www. enjoy. org/hstech/Hunger. Site 02/america/Ford. Schwartz/ Governments and scientists began a major effort to ______ food production
_____ REVOLUTION 1. New plant ____ had higher yield & resisted pests 2. Modern farming_____ allowed planting larger areas 3. Chemical ______ & ______ boosted crop production and controlled pests http: //interactive. usask. ca/ski/media/stills/agriculture/crops/t_plant-breeder. jpg
HOW DO WE GROW MORE FOOD? Large fields are planted with a single variety year after year = ______ http: //imagesource. allposters. com/images/NGSPOD 04/107870. jpg
MONOCULTURE Allows farmers to grow large quantities of food BUT. . . http: //agronomyday. cropsci. illinois. edu/2003/csrec-welcome/aeriel-view. jpg
But. . . HAS HUGE IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS _____ increase yield BUT. . . RUNOFF can cause algal blooms and ______ http: //www. biology-blog. com/images/blogs/10 -2007/fertilizer-15101. gif
But. . . HAS HUGE IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS ____ kill insects that damage crops BUT. . . they kill ____ insects too Bees Hand pollination http: //cms 1. good. is/posts/full_1289265646 pesticides. jpg http: //www. fllt. org/content/uploads/2014/12/1 -Honey-Bee-001. jpg
Example: _____ was first modern insecticide It was cheap, stayed active for long time, and killed many different insects Used to control agriculture pests and disease carrying ________ http: //www. michigan. gov/images/mosquito_65147_7. jpg
http: //www. ci. cypress. ca. us/public_works/stormwater_images/kids_watershed. jpg When DDT was sprayed, runoff carried it into rivers and streams in LOW concentrations. http: //www. geocities. com/~greyhawk_1/s h_eagle-9. jpg DDT then passes into organisms through the ______, is stored in _______, and doesn’t ______. http: //www. geocities. com/~greyhawk_1/sh_eagle-9. jpg
_______________ = the ______ of a harmful substance ______as it passes to organisms at ________levels in food chain or web. Plants pick up DDT from water & store it → Herbivores eat plants and store some DDT → Carnivores eat herbivores and store more DDT
The wide spread use of DDT threatened many species… especially fish eating birds like osprey, brown pelican, and bald eagles. http: //image 10. webshots. com/11/3/94/67/2146394670011493049 pwl. CDV_ph. jpg DDT causes birds to lay eggs with ______ shells so eggs would break when sat on. American Bald Eagle was declared endangered in 1967. It has since been reclassified as ___________
http: //www. kimball. k 12. sd. us/Heroes%20 Web%20 Page/Pictures/Rachel%20 Carson. jpg In 1962, American biologist ________ published the book, _______ which told of DDT’s harmful effects. The book led to a large public outcry and eventually resulted in DDT being _____ in the United States in the 1970’s The book was one of the important events in the birth of the _____________.
But. . . HAS HUGE IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS Wearing away of topsoil = _____ is caused by plowing land removing plant roots http: //coweeta. ecology. uga. edu/coweeta_photographs/erosion. htm
But. . . HAS HUGE IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS http: //i. telegraph. co. uk/multimedia/archive/02075/COW_2075448 c. jpg ____ from feedlots and fields can contaminate surface and ground water ______ happens to clear trees for beef farms Raising cows uses lots of ______ and releases ____ into the atmosphere increasing climate change.
Impact of Agriculture _______ = changing of fertile land in dry climates into desert areas caused by farming, overgrazing, and drought http: //4. bp. blogspot. com/-Pao 2 Oe 2 O_W 0/U 5 F 99 ppqi. II/AAAAAl. Y/rlb. QFo. R 4 b 2 c/s 1600/invisible+fences+1. jpg
But. . . HAS HUGE IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS Many Midwest states rely on the _____ aquifer for their water needs. We are using water faster than the ______cycle can replace it. Evidence indicates this aquifer may _____ within 20 -40 years. http: //www. suu. edu/faculty/bowman/Econ 1740/Heilbroner. Zinn/ogallala_aquifer_map_pic_2. gif
FRESH WATER RESOURCES Americans use BILLIONS of gallons of freshwater daily for ____, ____ drinking washing and __________ watering crops http: //www. thesolutionsite. com/lesson/4601/freshwater. jpg
HOW DO WE HELP? Modern_____ is changing how farmers farm and lessening the impact on the environment. EX: _____ imaging _____ technology enable farmers to only apply chemicals where_____
HOW DO WE FIX IT? ____ keeps plant residue in fields Reduces _____ and protects ecosystems from runoff http: //cbarc. aes. oregonstate. edu/images/no-till. jpg
HOW DO WE FIX IT? Planting legumes, alfalfa, grasses and other _____ keeps plants on soil between food crops - reduces _____ and protects ecosystems from runoff - reduces ______ - reduces need for fertilizer
HOW DO WE FIX IT? _______ alternates what is crops are planted each year. - helps control ____ without pesticides - alternating with _____ replenishes soil nutrients without fertilizer
HOW DO WE FIX IT? ________ = managing graze periods and herd densities - improves nutrient cycling - retains water - ____ desertification http: //www. uaex. edu/farm-ranch/animals-forages/images/006. jpg
HOW DO WE FIX IT? _____ pest control uses natural predators like insects or spiders to kill insects instead of chemical pesticides http: //static. dudeiwantthat. com/img/outdoors/garden/1500 -live-ladybugs-11829. jpg
HOW DO WE FIX IT? ________ = on hilly areas, plowing is done across the hill rather than straight up and down - prevents soil _______ from runoff http: //images. slideplayer. com/24/7068759/slides/slide_25. jpg
HOW DO WE HELP ? • Water conservation • Protect wetlands and forests • Water treatment plants • Clean water regulations hhttp: //www. romanviii. co. uk/bp/nhpage. asp? pcat=about_us
WAYS TO CONSERVE WATER http: //www. watersavingtips. org/images/saving_1. jpg
WHAT CAN YOU DO? - Eat _____ meat Per capita/year - Don’t ______ food Food waste ~ 1/3 of all food produced worldwide, ($1 trillion) gets lost or wasted ~ US avg: 20 lbs/person/month wasted http: //teacherweb. com/CA/Nogales. High. School/mespinoza/fig 50 Energy. Pyramid. jpg http: //languagesoftheworld. info/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Meat-consumption-World. jpg
WHAT CAN YOU DO? - Be aware of ______ water Water the is used to produce products that we don’t know or don’t think about The PRODUCTION OF: Change the way you think 1 kg wheat costs 1, 300 L water 1 kg rice costs 3, 400 L water Change the way you think 1 kg eggs costs 3, 300 L water about your laptop 1 kg beef costs 15, 000 L water 1 cotton shirt costs 2, 500 L water 1000 g of blue jeans costs 10, 850 liters water 1 ton passenger car costs 400, 000 liters of water Building a house uses about 6 million liters of water
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