Agricultural Subsurface Drainage USGS Staff Nancy Baker Wes

Agricultural Subsurface Drainage USGS Staff: Nancy Baker, Wes Stone GIS Contact: Michael Wieczorek

1. It is impossible to identify the exact location of subsurface drains in the conterminous U. S. (Sugg, Jayne, Naz, Brown) 2. The primary goal is to provide an estimate of the probable percent of agricultural land that may have subsurface drains to facilitate cropping at a National scale (CONUS). 3. This is an exploratory exercise at this point and will build of the work of others as well as incorporate input from various Federal Agencies and Universities. 4. No previous work has been done on the National scale (CONUS) or with the most recent available data at the National scale (SSURGO, CDL, NLCD).

Researchers Land Use Data Soils Data Comments Jaynes and James, 2004 NLCD, 1992 STATSGO Drainage classes, Hydrologic Groups, Land Capability Class Slope was also included in the analysis 23 States in the Mid. West and East Sugg, 2007 NLCD, 1992 STATSGO Drainage classes, Hydrologic Groups Final estimates used drainage class only Mid. Western Corn belt only Naz et al, 2009 NLCD, 1992 STATSGO Drainage classes Slope was also included in the analysis Hoagland Watershed, IN only Brown, 2009 NLCD, 2001 SSURGO Drainage classes, Hydrologic Groups, Land Capability Class Slope was also included in the analysis Central Minnesota only

1. The exact locations of tile drains are incomplete or unknown. 2. If row crops are cultivated on poorly drained soils, then artificial drainage likely exists. 3. 1992 remains the most recent complete data set at the county level for CONUS for Tile Drains. 4. No method exists for distinguishing between surface and subsurface drainage. 5. No study has been done at the National level (CONUS) or with new data sets (SSURGO, CDL, NLCD). 6. Further exploration may lead to different approaches for different areas as well as incorporating other data sets.

Approaches/Data Sources 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1992 NRI Hydrologic Group Drainage Class Water Table Depth April June Minimum Available Water Storage 0 - 25 cm Soil Restrictive layer NLCD 2011 Crop Land Data Layer 2013

Comparison of Suggs 1992 NRI vs USGS 1992 NRI

Hydrologic Groups and Water Table Depth during April – June ( 100 cm or less) Source Data: SSURGO

Drainage Classes and Soil Restrictive layer ( 25 cm or less) Source Data: SSURGO

Comparison of Hydrologic Groups and USGS 1992 NRI

Comparison of Water table Depth and USGS 1992 NRI

Comparison of Drainage Classes and USGS 1992 NRI

Comparison of Soil Restrictive Layer (25 cm) and USGS 1992 NRI

COUNT AG Hyd. Grp SRL 25 AG Drainage. Class WTDEP TILES PCT 43147 1 3 0 1 1 1 53. 29883 10587 1 3 0 1 13. 07796 3453 1 3 0 0 1 1 4. 265438 677 1 3 0 0 0 1 0. 836288 617 1 3 1 1 0. 762171 4589 1 3 1 1 5. 668721 85 1 3 1 0 0 1 0. 104999 516 1 3 1 0 1 1 0. 637407 5068 1 2 0 0 1 1 6. 260423 2550 1 2 0 0 0 1 3. 149976 360 1 2 0 1 1 1 0. 444702 403 1 2 0 1 0. 49782 61 1 2 1 0 1 1 0. 075352 233 1 2 1 0 0 1 0. 287821 19 1 2 1 1 0. 02347 13 1 2 1 1 0. 016059 3882 1 1 0 0 1 1 4. 795375 2938 1 1 0 0 0 1 3. 629266 470 1 1 0 1 0. 580584 966 1 1 0 1 1. 193285 27 1 1 1 0. 033353 10 1 1 0 1 0. 012353 11 1 1 1 0. 013588 18 1 1 1 0 0 1 0. 022235 134 1 0 0 0 1 1 0. 165528 89 1 0 0 1 0. 10994 6 1 0 0 1 1 1 0. 007412 2 1 0 0 1 0. 002471 17 1 0 1 1 0. 021 2 1 0 1 1 0. 002471 1 1 0 0 1 0. 001235 2 1 0 1 0. 002471 80953 100

Leary-Weber Ditch, IN Blue = Ag land NRI 1992 Tiles 100% Brown = All other areas

COUNT TLES 100 PCT AG HGDOM PCT 80105985 0 0 0 20524670 0 0 1 46669727 0 1 0 47800312 0 1 1 2207636 1 1 0 29. 00647 4576273 1 1 1 60. 12836 398839 1 0 0 5. 240407 428092 1 0 1 5. 624767 7610840 TILES 100 PCT 1 = 100% NRI 92, 0 = not AG 1 = cropland , 0 = not HGDOM 1 = COMBO, 0 = not

COUNT AG and. Tile wtdep < 100 cm hydgrp pct 4998098 1 1 3 65. 67 2383244 1 1 2 31. 31 150034 1 1. 97 29194 1 0 2 0. 38 25421 1 1 0 0. 33 18582 1 0. 24 6267 1 0 3 0. 08 7610840 AG and. Tile 1 = cropland 100% tile (92 NRI), 0 = not wtdep < 100 cm 1 = SSURGO water table during Apr. May-June < 100 cm hydgrp 1 = Aor. B, 2 = Cor. D, 3 = any COMBO

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