Agricultural Revolution o o o Agricultural Revolution considered
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Agricultural Revolution o o o Agricultural Revolution – considered to be one of the most significant changes in the life of humans Change from hunting/gathering to a settled life How did the Agricultural Revolution lead to the development of civilizations? n n The revolution was important because people no longer needed to be nomadic to survive. The people could settle. They had a surplus of food which meant not everyone had to farm or hunt for a living.
Agricultural Revolution n n People could now specialize in certain jobs. Since the Neolithic people could settle, they could build large communities that supported each other. It led to the development of civilizations.
Mesopotamia’s Civilization
Civilizations are complex societies that have: 1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________ 4. ____________________ 5. ____________________ 6. ____________________ Farming villages from the Neolithic Period eventually developed into civilizations.
The first civilizations developed in river valleys. o 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. River valleys are important because: ____________________________ ____________________________
Mesopotamia o o o Mesopotamia is the oldest known civilization. Mesopotamia means the land between the rivers. The environment of the area helped shape the people’s lifestyle. Irrigation means ___________________________. Irrigation was important in Mesopotamia because ______________.
Mesopotamia The people of Sumer (a southern area of Mesopotamia that was developed by 3000 BCE) lived in city-states, which were not united and had separate governments. The different city-states fought to _________________________. The buildings in these cities were made from __________________.
Reeds Homes in Sumer
City-States o Each city-state had its own ruler, special god, and army.
Religion The people of Mesopotamia were polytheistic. Polytheism is the belief in more than one god or goddess.
These are examples of ziggurats. A ziggurat was a grand temple they would build for the chief god.
Art o o Artisans are _____________. They created statues, plaques, and wall murals from stone.
Upper Class Kings, priests, government officials Middle Class Artisans, merchants, farmers, fishers __________ Lower Class Slaves __________
Contributions / Advancements made by Mesopotamia 1. They created a writing system called cuneiform. http: //www. sron. nl/~jheise/akkadian/cuneiform. html This writing system consisted of hundreds of wedge-shaped marks cut into damp clay tablets.
Contributions / Advancements made by Mesopotamia 2. They invented the wagon wheel. 3. They invented the plow. 4. They invented the sail boat.
What important contributions did the people of Mesopotamia make for later peoples? 5. They created a number system based on 60. They are the reason why we have the 60 -minute hour, 60 -second minute and 360 degree circle. 6. Irrigation – levees and canals 7. Literature 8. 12 month calendar Epic of Gilgamesh
Four Empires that once ruled Mesopotamia o o The Akkadian Empire - King Sargon created the world’s first empire. An empire is ____________________. Sargon united all the city-states. The Akkadians developed their own language. Artists carved beautiful relief sculptures on stones. The Babylonian Empire - King Hammurabi created a code of laws that applied to everyone in the empire. It was the first step toward a fair system of justice. Babylonian agriculture and trade thrived under his rule.
Hammurabi’s Code of Laws- One of the earliest examples of the idea of presumption of innocence and also suggests that the accused and accuser had the opportunity to provide evidence. Stele with code of laws
Examples - Laws of Hammurabi • If a son hits his father, his hands shall be cut off. • If a person steals from a temple or takes goods stolen from the temple, he shall be put to death. • If a fire breaks out in a house and a person who helps to put out the fire steals something from the house, that person shall be thrown into the fire.
Laws of Hammurabi o If a person accuses another person of a crime, the accused shall go to the river and jump in. If he drowns, the person who accused him may have the accused person's house. If the accused doesn't drown, then the River-God has decided that he is innocent. The person who made the accusation is to be put to death, and the accused shall take his house.
Four Empires that once ruled Mesopotamia cont. o o The Assyrian Empire The Assyrians honored their powerful kings with beautiful palaces and huge sculptures. They built some of the earliest aqueducts. The Neo-Babylonian Empire - King Nebuchadrezzar restored the splendor of King Hammurabi’s time. His Hanging Gardens of Babylon became famous.
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