Agricultural Geography C J Cox Chapter 9 Overview

Chapter 9 Overview F Agricultural Geography F Agricultural Hearth Areas F Physical and Cultural

Geographer’s Perspective of World Agriculture F Geographers are interested in the patterns and distribution

Agriculture F Agri - Latin for field F culture - to cultivate F The

Physical Factors F Land/Soil (fertility) F Water (precipitation & rivers) F Sun ( temperature,

Cultural Factors F Population Distribution F Diet of population u calorie supply, protein, health

Agricultural Hearth Areas F Indus River in Pakistan F Mesopotamia in Iraq F Huang

Agricultural Hearth Areas F Vegetative Planting – Southeast Asia – West Africa – Northwestern

Forms of Agriculture F Subsistence – produced for consumption – work by hand –

Agricultural Trends F Hand Labor F Small Plots Mechanization Large corporately owned holdings F

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Agricultural Geography C. J. Cox

Chapter 9 Overview F Agricultural Geography F Agricultural Hearth Areas F Physical and Cultural Factors Influencing Agricultural Production F Subsistence vs Commercial Agriculture F Agricultural Trends

Geographer’s Perspective of World Agriculture F Geographers are interested in the patterns and distribution of agriculture in the world today. – What are the patterns of agriculture worldwide? – Why are agricultural areas distributed in the manner that they are?

Agriculture F Agri - Latin for field F culture - to cultivate F The expanded definition of Agriculture includes the cultivation of plants and animals F The goal of agriculture is produce sufficient food supplies

Physical Factors F Land/Soil (fertility) F Water (precipitation & rivers) F Sun ( temperature, evaporation rates) F Climate

Cultural Factors F Population Distribution F Diet of population u calorie supply, protein, health F Living Material u clothes, houses F Lifestyle/Cultural Tradition u nomadic, sedentary/rain dances F Economics u cash crops with greatest profit ie. viticulture F Government/Political Policies u Argentina wheat, Japan rice

Agricultural Hearth Areas F Indus River in Pakistan F Mesopotamia in Iraq F Huang Ho in China F Nile River in Egypt

Agricultural Hearth Areas F Vegetative Planting – Southeast Asia – West Africa – Northwestern South America F Seed Agriculture – – – western India northern China Ethiopia Southern Mexico northwestern South America

Forms of Agriculture F Subsistence – produced for consumption – work by hand – most people work shifting agriculture F nomadic herding F rice (intensive subsistence) F plantation agriculture F F Commercial – produced for market – mechanized – few laborers livestock & ranching F horticulture F dairy farming F mixed crop F grain F medditeranean F

Agricultural Trends F Hand Labor F Small Plots Mechanization Large corporately owned holdings F No fertilizers natural fertilizers chemical fertilizers F Natural Seed Production Hybrid Seeds F Farm to family Farm to processing to supermarkets F Nature controlled water man controlled water

Agricultural Geography C. J. Cox