Agricultural Extension Education EXTENSION 4 Combination of two

Agricultural Extension Education

EXTENSION 4 Combination of two Latin Words 1. Ex ---------- Out 2. Tensio ------- Stretching Literature meaning ---- “Stretching Out” Stretching out of Scientific Information to the field outside the limit of school, college, University or Research Station

EDUCATION 4 Aggregate of all the Processes responsible for bringing about Positive desirable Changes in human Behaviour.

TYPES OF EDUCATION 4 Formal 4 Non Formal 4 Informal

FORMAL EDUCATION Formal education is a chronologically graded and structured system of teaching at institutions from primary school to university. OR Education which is provided within the four walls of an educational institution, e. g. school, college or university.

Formalities in Formal Education 4 Attendance is compulsory 4 A rigid schedule is followed 4 One way flow of information (From teacher to taught) 4 A prescribed syllabus or subject matter is followed 4 Carried on for a degree, diploma, or a certificate 4 Admission and examinations are compulsory 4 Audience are mostly homogenous in age, thinking, etc.

Non-formal education Any organized systematic teaching outside the formal system for groups of people with particular needs. It includes: 1. Agricultural Extension 2. Adult literacy campaigns 3. Instruction in health and nutrition etc.

Formalities in non-formal Education 4 Goes on outside the four walls of a school or other institution 4 In Agricultural extension: 1. Farmers’ fields are its classrooms 2. Extension agent is the teacher 3. Interested farmers are the students 4. Farmer problems are the subject matter 4 A loose schedule is followed 4 Audience are usually heterogamous 4 Attendance is voluntary 4 There is no admission and examination 4 Not carried on for degree, diploma or certificate

Informal education 4 Lifelong process by which every person acquires knowledge, skills, attitudes and insight from daily experiences and exposure to the environment. Salient Features 1. Involves social and psychological process 2. Involves transfer of ancestral knowledge from generation to generation 3. It may be intentionally or unintentionally 4. Bringing up of children in the family, acquiring characteristics of their parents and elders is also informal education

EXTENSION EDUCATION q Process by which useful ideas are disseminated to the people who take action that leads to their adoption. q It is a two way educational process Results Research Ultimate users Problems/ Experiences

EXTENSION EDUCATION 4 Extension is an on-going process that have two dimensions: u Communication u Educational 4 Communicate useful information to people 4 Assist people to acquire the knowledge to use the information or technology u Extension or non-formal education can be used in agriculture and non-agric. programs Swanson and Claar, 1984

Agricultural Extension 4 Educational system out of school, college or university for educating rural people, which aims to teach them how to raise their living standards by their own efforts, using their own resources of manpower and materials with the minimum assistance from any external agency OR 4 Advice and assistance of farmers to help them improve their methods of production and marketing.

Agricultural Extension 4 Agricultural extension education mean disseminating useful and practical knowledge about agriculture to those who are engaged in agricultural activities and their by motivate change the behaviour of tradition bound farming community so that it could adopt new methods of farming producing surplus for meeting the diverse needs of rapid increasing population.

Agricultural Extension 4 Agricultural Extension is an on-going process that Communicate useful information to the people and assist them to use the information or technology to improve the quality of their life, their families and communities. Swanson and Claar, 1984

History of Extension Education 4 The term ‘extension’ was first coined in England in 1840 s. 4 Formally introduced in 1873 by Cambridge University. 4 James Stuart is considered to be the father of extension. 4 At the time of partition Pakistan inherited a weak agricultural extension setup. 4 Current agricultural extension system is responsible for training to farmers.