Agricultural Engineering Agriscience Applications Careers Careers Attracts students

Agricultural Engineering Agriscience Applications

Careers

Careers • Attracts students interested in operation, maintenance, service, and selling of agricultural equipment. • Varied careers in Production support such as Tractor mechanic, farm machinery assembler, Agriculture Safety Engineer.

Careers • Careers also in horticulture such as irrigation engineer, Lawn mower mechanic, Agriculture Equipment designer. • Education varies with the type of Agriscience mechanics career chosen and working conditions. • Broad field includes agricultural processing.

Careers • Electricians design & wire agricultural equipment structures.

Careers • Use of engineering equipment like levels & tripods to survey, layoff, and construct terraces. • Use of earth moving machinery to control erosion.

Careers • Diesel mechanics are in demand because…. . – Of the large amounts of diesel powered equipment. • Builders of structures & equipment.

Safety Awareness • Safety is being prepared since almost 50% of all farm related accidents involve working with machinery & equipment. • Safety is developing an environment free from danger, risk, or injury.

Safety Awareness • The #1 key to shop safety is the people who use the shop. • Workers should always…. – Be trained in proper tool operations. – Pass a safety test before using the shop.

Principles for Safety • Keep the shop in an orderly manner to prevent tripping and related injuries. • Remove unnecessary hazards such as oily rags. • Minimize danger by making certain all machines have safety shields to place prior to an during operation.

Principles for Safety • Wear appropriate protective clothing & devices. – Safety glasses & goggles prevent eye injury from dust and flying objects. – Leather steel-toed shoes offer protection should items be dropped or fall on the feet. – Ear plugs or ear muffs can prevent hearing loss when the noise level exceeds 90 d. B (decibels).

Safety Color Coding • National organizations worked together. • Code was published by the…. – American Society of Agricultural Engineers – Safety Committee of the American Vocational Association • Color coding alerts people to dangers & hazards, provides information to help one react quickly in an emergency.

Basic Colors • Red – Identifies areas of danger. – Used on safety switches & fire extinguishers. – Danger

Basic Colors • Orange – Identifies wheels, levers, and knobs. – Warning

Basic Colors • Yellow – Identifies that wheels, levels, and knobs that adjust or control machines. – Caution

Basic Colors • Blue – Used on signs such as “Out of order” to identify broken shop equipment that does not work properly. – Information

Basic Colors • Green – Indicates the presence of first aid and safety equipment. – Safety

Fire Hazards in the Agricultural

The Fire Triangle

The Fire Triangle • Fuel – Any combustible material that will burn – Examples: • Oily rags • Saw dust • Paper

The Fire Triangle • Heat – Most materials will burn if they are made hot enough.

The Fire Triangle • Oxygen – Gas in the atmosphere that is not a fuel, but must be present for fuels to burn.

Fire Prevention • Take away one of the components of the fuel triangle and fire will not start or will stop if it has started. • Safe storage of fuels is the easiest fire prevention technique. • Clean shop facilities also decrease the chance of fire.

Fire Extinguishers • Know the kind of fire extinguisher that is used for different kinds of fires prior to the fire. – Class A is used for ordinary combustibles. – Class B is used for flammable liquids. – Class C is used for electrical equipment. – Class D is used for combustible metals. A B C D

Fire Extinguishers • Know the placement of fire extinguishers so that time is not taken looking for them if a fire occurs. • Should be hung on walls within easy reach in areas where fires would most likely occur.

Using Fire Extinguishers • Know how to use the fire extinguisher. – Hold upright, pull the ring pin, press the lever. – The nozzle of the extinguisher is directed toward the base of the fire to discharge the extinguisher.

Smothering a Fire • Best used on a person whose clothes are on fire. • Wrap the person in a blanket to cut the oxygen off to the fire.

Planning Agricultural Engineering

Instruments for Simple Designs • Sharp Lead Pencil – Needed for the highest quality scale drawing. • Protractor – Used for drawing & measuring angles. • Good Eraser – Helps makes corrections without distorting the image. • 12 inch Ruler – Works for basic drawing. • Compass – Used for drawing circles & arches.

Instruments for Detailed Designs • Drawing Board – Used for attaching the drawing paper. • Masking Tape – Used to secure the drawing paper to the drawing board. • T-Square – Helpful for drawing horizontal lines.

Instruments for Detailed Designs • Right Triangle – 30 o x 60 o x 40 o – Used to draw vertical lines. • Scale – Instrument with all increments shortened according to proportion. – Two Types • Flat Scale – looks similar to a ruler. • Triangular scales – three sides, but six scales.

Basics of Drawing • Sketch – Rough drawing that is not to scale. – Sketches do not have dimensions included. • Pictorial Drawing – Shows all three sides dimensions at once. – All three views (front, side (end), and top are in view.

A Pictorial Drawing A. Top view B. Side or End view C. Front view

Basics of Drawing • Scale drawing – Represents an object in exact proportion. – Object is larger/smaller than the drawing itself. – Examples: ¼” = 1’ • Then ¼” on the drawing would equal 1’ on the actual object. • 2” line on the drawing would equal 8’ on the object. (2 divided by ¼ = 8) – The scale will vary depending on the size of the object being drawn.

Determining Materials • Bill of Materials – Complete list and description of all materials needed to construct a project. – Abbreviations are often used. • BF= Board foot • LF= Linear foot

Determining Board Feet • Determining board feet for small pieces. BF = Thickness (inches) x width (inches) x length (inches) 144 • Determining board feet for large pieces. BF = Thickness (inches) x width (inches) x length (feet) 12

Determining Board Feet • How many board feet are in a board 4” x 6” x 24”? – BF = 4” x 6” x 24” 144 = 576” 144 = 4 BF • How many board feet are in a board 1” x 12” x 8’? – BF = 1” x 12” x 8’ 12 = 96 12 = 8 BF

Basic Construction Projects Tips

Wood Projects • Fastest way to fasten wood is by nailing. – Nail hammer or nail gun are preferred tools for driving nails. • Screws hold better than nails and are driven quickly with power screwdrivers. – Flathead screw is the one most used in woodworking.

Wood Projects • Bolts are particularly useful for fastening wood at high stress points. • Gluing is the strongest method of fastening wood. – Often used along with nails, screws, etc. – Boards are held in place for gluing by clamps. • Dowel pins are round wood pins sometimes used to strengthen wood joints.

Metal Projects • Steel – Most commonly used metal in agricultural mechanics.

Marking Steel • Presents a special problem as pencil marks do not show up well. • Soapstone – Soft, gray rock. – Cut into thin pieces resembling pencils. – Shows up well on most metals.

Cutting Metal • Hack Saw – Hand tool most often used for cutting metal. – Especially useful for cutting thin conduit. • Metal Cutting Band Saw & Power Hacksaws – May be used for large projects.

Practice Board Foot Problems 1. 1” x 5” x 4’ 2. 2” x 10” x 40” 3. 1. 5” x 2. 5” x 8’ 4. 5” x 100”