Agenda To Get Handouts from the back To

Agenda • To Get: • Handouts from the back • To Do: • Opener Activities • Lecture Notes: Memory • Memory Activity • Reading Questions – Memory and Math Scores

Opener • Complete the following number memory activities on the following slides.

1. Look at the following number sequence for 30 seconds and try to memorize it. DO NOT write it down. • 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 9, 7, 8

2. Look at the following number sequence for 30 seconds and try to memorize it. DO NOT write it down. • 0, 3, 0, 7, 1, 9, 8, 3

3. Look at the following number sequence for 30 seconds and try to memorize it. DO NOT write it down. • 0, 9, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1

4. Look at the following number sequence for 30 seconds and try to memorize it. DO NOT write it down. 1, 3, 1, 6, 1, 8, 2, 1, 6, 5

5. Look at the following number sequence for 30 seconds and try to memorize it. DO NOT write it down. 55, 34, 21, 13, 8, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1

Opener • Think of a happy memory. • Think of a sad memory. • Think of a memory that totally changed the way you see the world. • When you think of your mother/father/grandparent – what do you think of ?

Opener • What is your favorite song? • When was the first time you heard it? • What were you wearing? • Where were you? • What time of day was it? • What was the weather like? • Who were you with? • How old were you?

Unit 4 - Memory • 3 Kinds of Memory • Episodic • Semantic • Implicit • 3 Processes of Memory • Encoding • Visual codes • Acoustic codes • Semantic Codes • Storage • • Maintenance Rehearsal Elaborative Rehearsal Organizational Systems Filing Errors • Retrieval • Context Dependent • State Dependent • On the Tip of the Tongue

Memory • The process by which we recollect prior experiences and information and skills learned in the past. • Much of our memories have been stored with no conscious effort on our part. • Threes of Memory • Three Kinds • Three Processes • Three Stages

3 Kinds of Memory Explicit Memory – clearly stated and/or explained - autobiographical or general knowledge. 1. Episodic – memory of a specific event, took place in a person’s presence or experienced by that person. -Ex. What you ate last night, answers on a quiz, what you watched on t. v. -Flashbulb Memories – extremely important/influential events – “mental photographs” Negative: 9/11, JFK Positive: first love, birth of a child -Tragic events trigger memories connected to it (PTSD) 2. Semantic – General knowledge that people remember, rarely do we remember when and were we acquired the information specifically. -Ex. The alphabet, U. S. Presidents, using scissors… 3. Implicit – memories that are implied or not clearly stated. Skills or procedures you have learned. -Ex. Running, skipping, throwing, typing, playing a musical instrument and driving a car. -Once learned, these skills are rarely forgotten.

3 Processes of Memory Encoding – first process of memory - translation of information into a storable format (computer) – how we physically receive information; light waves, sound waves and how it is converted to psychological formats. • Visual Codes – seeing information in your mind • Acoustic Codes – read and repeat a sequence of sounds • Semantic Codes – finding a meaning in the information to remember

Memory Activity OTTFFSSENT

• Can you still remember the number sequences from the start of class? – go back to your opener and try to write them down…

• You were given 5 number sequences at the start of class. • Write down ONE of those sequences accurately. If you think you got it come to the board and write it down.

How did you do? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 9, 7, 8 0, 3, 0, 7, 1, 9, 8, 3 0, 9, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1 1, 3, 1, 6, 1, 8, 2, 1, 6, 5 55, 34, 21, 13, 8, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1

Storage – second process of memory, maintenance of encoded information over time. • Maintenance Rehearsal • Repeating information over and over again to not forget • Does not connect to a meaningful event, easy to forget. • Elaborative Rehearsal • Making new information relate to information you already know • Memory is better as it is contextual • Organizational Systems • Memory can be stored like files on computer; information is classed by common features • Ex. Mammals, presidents, state names. • Filing Errors • stored memories in areas not associated with the information

Retrieval – third process; locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought. Ex. Names of friends, family, lines from a play all are a part of retrieval • Context Dependent • Situation in which a person first had the experience being remembered • Ex. Rocks on a golf course (me), studying in a room in which you will test, returning witnesses to a scene of a crime • State Dependent • Emotional state of a person when a memory was stored • Ex. Traumatic events (PTSD), drug and alcohol use – remember stored information better in that state of mind (Japanese) • On the Tip of the Tongue • Feeling of knowing something but unable to retrieve it from memory to verbalize it • Can be recalled with acoustic or semantic clues

Malcolm Gladwell Reading Questions 6 Reasons Asians are better at Math 1. 2. 3. Why would a Chinese speaker be more likely to always remember a random seven number sequence? What does “ten-one” mean and how is the English numbering system confusing? How does the information in question 2 correlate to the mathematical abilities of children at age four? Where do they stand by age five? 4. How is the Asian system of fractions “transparent? ” 5. Throughout history, the people who grow rice have ______________ than almost any other kind of farmer. 6. What is the point of the TIMSS? 7. How does the questionnaire of the TIMSS correlate with the actual student scores? Why? 8. Western View: “A mind must be cultivated but not too much, least it become exhausted. ” This reflects what yearly phenomenon? 9. According to Gladwell, what is the MAIN difference in advantaged versus disadvantaged students when it comes to learning? How they learn when… 10. Average School year: 1. 2. 3. 11. 12. 13. 14. America Korea Japan - For it’s poorest students, America has what sort of problem? How did KIPP schools in America get around this “memory retention” problem? What the extra time allows for is a more what? Define: Outliers

1. Why would a Chinese speaker be more likely to always remember a random seven number sequence? Shorter to pronounce; easier to remember 2. What does “ten-one” mean and how is the English numbering system confusing? 11, it flips the numbers from what they mean or the names do not represent meaning (eleven vs. ten-one) 3. How does the information in question 2 correlate to the mathematical abilities of children at age four? Where do they stand by age five? Chinese can count to 40 vs. 15 by American children/ a year behind in fundamental math skills 4. How is the Asian system of fractions “transparent? ” patterns 5. Throughout history, the people who grow rice have ______________ than almost any other kind of farmer. Worked harder 6. What is the point of the TIMSS? World wide science and math test to compare educational achievement with other countries 7. How does the questionnaire of the TIMSS correlate with the actual student scores? Why? It is long, kids who will finish it will work longer on tougher problems

8. Western View: “A mind must be cultivated but not too much, least it become exhausted. ” This reflects what yearly phenomenon? Summer vacation 9. According to Gladwell, what is the MAIN difference in advantaged versus disadvantaged students when it comes to learning? How they learn when… They are not in school 10. Average School year: 1. 2. 3. America - 180 Korea - 220 Japan - 243 11. For it’s poorest students, America has what sort of problem? A summer vacation problem 12. How did KIPP schools in America get around this “memory retention” problem? Got rid of long breaks 13. What the extra time allows for is a more what? Relaxed atmosphere to attain/retain knowledge and understanding 14. Define: Outliers – people given opportunities and who have had the strength and presence of mind to seize them