AGENDA Talk about our weekends Take out your

AGENDA Talk about our weekends! Take out your 1950 s one-pager Walk around – let’s share! Cold War in the 1960 S: Kennedy and LBJ TEST: MONDAY, APRIL 23 RD – over everything since spring break

COLD WAR: THE 1960 S Kennedy, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Berlin Wall, and LBJ

FIRST OFF, PRESIDENTS 35: Kennedy: 1961 -1963 33: Truman: 1945 -1953 36: LBJ: 1963 -1969 34: Eisenhower: 1953 -1961

By 1960, Americans were anxious about the changes that had taken place in the 1950 s The economic boom of the 1950 s dipped into a recession Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957 Rock ‘n’ roll music scared parents The rise of Fidel Castro in Cuba in 1959 Civil rights protests increased fears of racial violence Communism in Vietnam Eisenhower’s foreign policies made many people wonder if America was losing the Cold War Use of brinksmanship & build up of ICBMs led to fears of a nuclear attack The U-2 incident

The election of 1960 marked a turning point in U. S. politics NIXON Republican Richard Nixon offered experience • Served 8 years as VP • Had foreign policy experience during the critical stages of the Cold War • Promised to keep gov’t spending & taxes low KENNEDY Democrat John F. Kennedy offered youth & hope • Served 2 Senate terms • Had no foreign policy experience; seen as inexperienced • Roman Catholic • Offered active leadership to address problems

The election of 1960 marked a turning point in U. S. politics – presidential debates were now televised. How might that influence voters and the American public?

“That night, image replaced the printed word as the natural language of politics. ”

President Kennedy represented youth, charisma, hope, & a new approach to government JFK’s family captivated the nation

President Kennedy’s vision for America was called the “New Frontier” He filled out his cabinet President Kennedy & White House staff with wanted to improve the “best & the brightest” lives of all Americans political minds in America Increase aid to education, healthcare for elderly, and wanted to help migrant workers He wanted to wage a “war on poverty” to help close the gap between the rich & the poor. He raised the minimum wages and cut taxes

In the Cold War, JFK took a strong stand against the Soviet Union He believed that the USSR had more ICBMs (“missile gap”) & better space technology

MAJOR EVENTS DURING KENNEDY’S PRESIDENCY COLD WAR EVENTS DURING KENNEDY’S PRESIDENCY CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS BAY OF PIGS INVASION BERLIN WALL BUILT

In 1959, Fidel Castro gained control of Cuba, seized property, & took aid from Khrushchev in the Soviet Union

Under Eisenhower, the CIA trained Cuban exiles to invade the island & overthrow of Castro In 1961, JFK authorized the plan, but the Bay of Pigs invasion failed after JFK called off air strikes on Cuba JFK went on TV & took responsibility for the failure at the Bay of Pigs

In JFK’s first year in office, Soviet leader Khrushchev threatened to cut off access to West Berlin

In JFK’s first year in office, Soviet leader Khrushchev threatened to cut off access to West Berlin JFK vowed to never give up access to West Berlin “Ich bin ein Berliner”

Rather than blockade the city, Communist leaders built the Berlin Wall to keep East Germans out of West Berlin

Walls and other barriers 10– 15 feet high surrounded West Berlin. The length of the barriers around the city totaled about 110 miles The Berlin Wall became the iconic image of the Cold War The “death strip” stretched like a barren moat around West Berlin, with patrols, floodlights, electric fences, and vehicle traps between the inner and outer walls

ANALYZE IT

After the failure at the Bay of Pigs, Soviet leader Khrushchev promised to defend Cuba from the USA

IN 1962, U. S. SPY PLANES REVEALED NUCLEAR MISSILE CAMPS IN CUBA

If assembled, Soviet ICBMs in Cuba would give the USSR first strike capability on U. S. targets JFK warned that he would not allow nuclear missiles in Cuba

QUICK CLASS DISCUSSION: HOW SHOULD PRESIDENT KENNEDY RESPOND? • Advisors presented JFK with several options • What are the positives/negatives of each? • What should JFK do? Rank order these options Immediate air strike on existing missile sites Diplomacy: trade ICBMs in Cuba for ours in Turkey? Full military invasion of Cuba; Take out Castro Naval blockade to keep out the in-route Soviet missiles

Kennedy Soviet ships, announced escorted a quarantine by nuclear-equipped (blockade) to submarines, keep more missiles soon approached out & demanded the quarantine that the Soviets line & remove the world the waited missiles foralready World War in Cuba III

The standoff ended when a deal was reached Soviet ships turned around at the last minute & Khrushchev removed its missiles from Cuba The crisis ended as a victory for JFK, but it revealed how close the two sides came to nuclear war JFK promised that the U. S. would not invade Cuba & secretly agreed to remove ICBMs from Turkey

AGENDA Kennedy assassination LBJ’s Great Society TEST ON MONDAY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Warm up: Analyze this political cartoon. If cartoon analysis is hard, follow these three easy steps to break it down! 1. Observe – “ I see…” 1. what do you see? Don’t get into symbolism yet 2. Reflect – “I think…” 1. what might those observations you noted represent? 3. Question – “I wonder…” 1. Any questions?

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS IN FIVE MINUTES DEFCON = DEFense readiness CONdition = how close we are to war https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Qt. DAQB 1 s. A 9 k&t= 1 s

VIDEO QUESTIONS 1. Why did the US call it a “quarantine” of Cuba instead of a “blockade”? 2. Why did the USA not retaliate after the U 2 plane was shot down over Soviet airspace? 3. How did the Cuban Missile Crisis lead to Khrushchev not being reelected? *Vasili Arkhipov is incredible. He was in the Soviet submarine that the US dropped depth charges on – and they believed they were being attacked and that war had broken out. All communication between the USSR and the sub had been blocked (faulty line? Mechanical malfunction? ) for about a week. The commander of the sub readied the missiles – but Vasili stopped him.

Kennedy signing the Nuclear Test. Ban Treaty, October 7, 1963

KENNEDY BEGINS TALKING ABOUT THE CONFLICT IN VIETNAM… BUT…

Lee Harvey Oswald

ZAPRUDER FILM https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=i. U 83 R 7 rp. XQY

JFK’s assassination had important consequences for America The “martyrdom” of JFK put pressure on Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 VP Lyndon Johnson carried out JFK’s “war on poverty” LBJ enacted his own program called the “Great Society” with civil rights, medical, environmental, & social programs

Johnson was inaugurated after the death of JFK. Five days later Johnson vowed to continue the initiatives that JFK had begun. Kennedy proposed antipoverty programs, tax cuts, and civil rights legislation in the middle of his term, but they were left unrealized because of his death. Johnson used his skills and Kennedy’s name to push these initiatives through Congress. He called these initiatives the Great Society , implying that its opponents didn’t want the U. S. to progress. In 1964 Johnson declared a “War on Poverty, ” and used promises, threats, intimidation, and forceful language to get his initiatives passed.

In 1963, LBJ finished the last year of JFK’s presidency & then ran for president in the 1964 election His opponent was LBJ won & began conservative Republican his “Great Society, ” Barry Goldwater who the broadest series talked about strongly of social reforms since resisting the USSR with FDR’s New Deal nuclear weapons

LBJ’S CAMPAIGN COMMERCIAL https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=d. DTBnsqx. Z 3 k

LBJ’S CAMPAIGN COMMERCIAL Answer these questions about the campaign video: - what’s the purpose? - how does he achieve that purpose? - what fears does he play on? - how is this an effective form of propaganda?

LBJ “Great Society” JFK “New Frontier”

LBJ’S GREAT SOCIETY Follow along as I read through his Great Society speech. Then, answer the first three questions with a partner, and continue on to section two. Hey. I want thoughtful, complete, and specific answers. Your grade will accurately reflect your responses and efforts.

Use this video to answer the last three questions: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=r. De. Bd 1 j 7 s. CM

LBJ’S GREAT SOCIETY Was it all good? Let’s examine documents that argue why people were against his Great Society Consider comparisons between LBJ’s Great Society and FDR’s New Deal!