AGENDA 4816 Take out composition notebook and pick

AGENDA – 4/8/16 Take out composition notebook and pick up handouts! l Finish Biomes Notes l Update Notebooks! Homework: TEST NEXT FRIDAY!

NOTEBOOKS: 4/8/2016 **MAKE SURE ALL FORMATIVES ARE FINISHED and TAPED in NOTEBOOK: Food Web Lab Symbiosis Matching Succession Worksheet Deer Population Changes Limiting Factors Worksheet

AGENDA – 4/8/16 Take out composition notebook and pick up handouts! l Bell-Ringer: Check HW l Carbon Cycle notes l Carbon Cycle cut and paste

BELL-RINGER 4/8/16 Take out your homework --- if you did not finish your homework, FINISH IT NOW! Keep in mind the LAST multiple choice test over Ecology is next Friday.

Today’s Objective: • Be able to describe the flow of matter in an ecosystem through the carbon and nitrogen cycles.

• With chains, webs, and pyramids, it shows how energy moves through an ecosystem. • Every day energy is replenished by the sun.

• But MATTER (anything that has mass and occupies space) is cycled and is not replenished like energy. • There is a finite (or measurable) amount of matter on Earth.

• The atoms of carbon, nitrogen, and other elements that make up the bodies of organisms alive today are the same atoms that have been on Earth since life began.

CARBON is a piece of matter that cycles through our environment. It is never lost or gained…. . it just cycles through over and over. Where is Carbon found? METHANE CARBON DIOXIDE CARBOHYDRATES

Carbon in the Atmosphere Wood and fossil fuels burn and put Carbon into the air. Volcanoes release carbon into the air ABIOTIC TO ABIOTIC Cellular Respiration: When organisms exhale, carbon is released into the atmosphere as CO 2. BIOTIC TO ABIOTIC 1. 2. 3. 4. Combustion/Burning Exhaling Volcanoes Decomposers As decomposers break down dead plant and animal material, some carbon is released into the air. BIOTIC TO ABIOTIC

Carbon in the Atmosphere 1. 2. 3. 4. Combustion/Burning Exhaling Volcanoes Decomposers

Carbon Entering Biotic Factors Photosynthesis: Carbon from the air enters autotrophs. ABIOTIC TO BIOTIC Higher-level consumers ingest carbon when they feed on other heterotrophs BIOTIC TO BIOTIC Consumption: Primary consumers ingest carbon when they feed on autotrophs. BIOTIC TO BIOTIC 1. 2. Photosynthesis Consumption

1. Decomposition When plants and animals die, decomposers break them down and put some of the carbon into the soil. Carbon Entering Soil

Carbon Entering Biotic Factors When plants and animals die, decomposers break them down and put some of the carbon into the soil. 1. 2. Photosynthesis Consumption

Ways that Carbon enters the atmosphere…. FROM ABIOTIC FACTORS 1. Combustion/Burning of Fossil Fuels 2. Open Burning FROM BIOTIC FACTORS 1. Respiration / Breathing Out

Ways that Carbon enters BIOTIC FACTORS…. 1. Photosynthesis 2. Consumption

How Carbon enters SOIL 1. Death and Decomposition

NITROGEN is atom that cycles through our environment. It is never lost or gained…. . it just cycles through over and over. Where is Nitrogen found? 78% of the air on Earth Proteins

Nitrogen in Air Combustion/Burning of fossil fuels puts Nitrogen in the atmosphere. 1. 2. Combustion/Burning Denitrification (bacteria releasing N into the air) Bacteria in the soil will break down compounds in the soiluse the oxygen, but release nitrogen into the air. BIOTIC TO ABIOTIC

Nitrogen in Air 1. 2. Combustion/Burning Denitrification (bacteria releasing N into the air) 3 minutes

Nitrogen is in Air Fixation: consumers Higher-level Nitrogen consumers Primary ingest nitrogen when Nitrogen cannot be they eat other they eat from directly absorbed into heterotrophs. autotrophs plants from the air, but plants NEED nitrogen. Nitrogen from the atmosphere is absorbed into bacteria in the soil and CONVERTED (or FIXED) into a form that plant roots can absorb and use. ABIOTIC TO BIOTIC 1. Nitrogen Fixation (Bacteria converting N from the air so that plants can use it) 2. Consumption

Nitrogen is in Air 3 minutes 1. Nitrogen Fixation (Bacteria converting N from the air so that plants can use it) 2. Consumption

Nitrogen is in Air 1. Nitrogen found in ammonia is absorbed into the soil during urination. Urination

Nitrogen in Air 1. 2. 3. 4. As decomposers break down plants and animals, nitrogen is recycled into the soil. Urination Decomposition Absorption Acid Rain

Nitrogen in Air 1. 2. 3. 4. 3 minutes Urination Decomposition Absorption Acid Rain

Ways that Nitrogen enters the atmosphere…. FROM ABIOTIC FACTORS 1. Combustion/Burning of Fossil Fuels FROM BIOTIC FACTORS 1. From Bacteria in the Soil (Denitrification) This occurs when bacteria living in the soil aren’t getting enough oxygen, so they break down compounds in the soil- use up the oxygen, and disperse any Nitrogen from the compound into the atmosphere as a waste product.

Ways that Nitrogen enters BIOTIC FACTORS…. 1. Nitrogen Fixation Plants cannot use the nitrogen in the air, so bacteria in the soil have to absorb it and then CONVERT it to ammonia and nitrates so plants can use it. Lightening striking the ground also does this for plants. 2. Consumption

How Nitrogen enters SOIL 1. Death and Decomposition 3. Absorption 2. Urine 4. Acid Rain

Closing • Students write a paragraph about their trip through the nitrogen cycle. Include information about (1) where they went, and (2) how they got to each destination. – – How many stops can you make on your trip? Will your journey ever end? Was everyone’s journey the same? Why not? What would happen if a farmer used too much fertilizer? (In this game, that would mean that everyone started from the fertilizer station at the same time. ) – What would happen if we burnt too many fossil fuels?