Age of Exploration Reasons for Exploration Demand for

Age of Exploration

Reasons for Exploration ► Demand for spices ► Halting of the expansion of Islam ► Ending Europe’s isolation

Why did the Age of Exploration happen? ► Better navigational devices, like the compass & the astrolabe, a device to plot location using the stars ► Better ships w/multiple masts made travel faster (caravels)

Treaty of Tordesillas ► the line of demarcation (or division) in 1494 was an imaginary line drawn by the pope to separate Portuguese & Spanish claims in the New World (North & South Americas) w/the Treaty of Tordesillas ► Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian mapmaker who claimed Columbus had discovered a “New World” & America was named in his honor

Labor Systems In the Americas ► ► § Interested in Gold and Silver, if they found none, set up plantations Mita: Incan system where adult males had to spend 1/7 of their time working for the Inca, a few months at a time Spanish adopted this system for mines, but so many natives died, they kept having to increase amount of time worked Encomienda: Agriculture system granted by Spanish crown, natives were placed under encomenderos (Spanish bosses) who extracted labor and tribute high death rates led to collapse of this system

Slavery in the New World during the 1600 s & 1700 s, the triangular trade was established between Europe, Africa, & the Americas ► this was the beginning of the ► transatlantic slave trade when African chiefs would sell members of other tribes to ship captains for guns & alcohol ► between 10 – 24 million Africans were brought to America & 1 in 5 did not survive the Middle Passage (journey to America)

Colombian Exchange Europeans carried unknown diseases to the native Americans which killed millions (Small Pox) ► many products were carried to and from the New World like: ► to the New World: horses, cows, wheat, rice, & oranges ► from the New World: corn, sweet potatoes, tobacco, cacao (chocolate) ►

Changing Ways of Life Commercial Revolution ► new business methods for investing money, speeding the flow of wealth, & reducing risks: result of Age of Exploration ► rise of free enterprise (modern capitalism), economic system in which money is invested in business to make profits

More Commercial Revolution people who wanted to invest in exploration combined resources in joint-stock companies, or organizations that sold stock & shared in profits & losses ► rise of entrepreneurs, or individuals who combined money, ideas, raw materials, & labor to make goods & services ►

Mercantilism ► ► a nation’s wealth depended on the amount of gold & silver, that it owned nations sought to create a favorable balance of trade by exporting more than it imported so European countries (known as mother countries) would establish colonies around the world & would restrict trading in the colonies with any other mother country the colony would provide raw materials to the mother country, which would produce manufactured goods which the mother country would sell to the colony

Boats and Ships Review Trireme: Greek ship, levels of rowers ► Dhow: Used in the Indian Ocean trade ► Greek Trireme § Lateen Sail: Triangular sail, can sail into the Monsoons Junk: Huge Chinese ship with many masts ► Caravel: Smaller European ship with three masts, used in Age of Exploration Dhows ► Junk Caravel and Junk Comparison Caravel

Dailies: Exploration 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What were three reasons for Exploration? Describe the line of Demarcation? Why is the triangular trade called triangular? Where did most African slaves go? What is the rhyme about Columbus?

Dailies: Mercantilism ► Describe Capitalism. ► Who wrote a book about it? What is the book called? ► What is the goal of mercantilism? ► Why do the mother countries need colonies? ► Describe a Laissez Faire policy.