Age of Exploration Note Information marked with a

Age of Exploration Note: Information marked with a star (*) does not need to be written down

BELL RINGER n. Why do people EXPLORE, well…anything?

BELL RINGER n. Explain why GOLD was a reason that Europeans explored the world? n Song: O. A. R. – Love and Memories

BELL RINGER n. Describe the TRIANGLE TRADE and the Middle Passage during the Age of Exploration?

BELL RINGER n. Which explorer sailed around Africa to India? n. Which explorer sailed to the tip of Africa?

Early Exploration Europe depended on spices for the flavoring and preservation of meats n Mongols could no longer provide safe passage to those traveling across land to India n

Economic System of Trade n China and India Arabs and Venetians Europe n Arabs and Venetians made huge profits being middle men

Church Involvement n. Catholic Church wanted to stop the spread of Islam and spread Christianity to areas of Asia

Motivations to Explore n“God, glory, and gold, ”

GOD n. Why was “God” a motivation for European explorers during the Age of Exploration? Explain your answer.

GOLD n. How was “GOLD” a motivation for European explorers during the Age of Exploration? Explain your answer.

GLORY n. How was “GLORY” a motivation for European explorers during the Age of Exploration? Explain your answer.

Renaissance Involvement n The questioning attitude that came out of the Renaissance and humanism caused people to broaden their horizons. (Curiosity, etc. )

Changes in Navigation n Before now: n Stayed close to the shores of continents n Compasses were available, but seldom used n Used Stars and Sun n Maps that were available were inaccurate

Maps/Ptolemy Maps were based on stories and mythical lands n This improved because of Ptolemy n Ptolemy used lines of latitude and longitude to aid navigation n • Ptolemy introduced the grid system still in use today

Ptolemy

Change in Ship Building Carave. L: Type of ship Triangle shaped sails n Multiple masts n Rudder from side to back n New Weapons n Rifles and Cannons n

Portugal’s Involvement n 1420 -1580 n Quest to go further and longer down the coast of Africa to find new route to Asia

Prince Henry The Navigator

EX-MEN (Explorers)

Prince Henry the Navigator Opened a school for navigation at Sagres. n Obsessed with finding a route to Asia n Brought together sailors, navigators, mathematicians, and astronomers n This is the beginning of the Portuguese empire n

Bartolomeu Dias

Bartholomeu Dias n Wanted to find the southern tip of Africa n 1488 He did find it n Present day Cape of Good Hope n Proved that you could reach the east by sailing around Africa

Dias’ Voyage

Vasco de Gama n Took four ships around the tip of Africa stopping at trade spots along the way n When he reached India, he tried to get India to trade with Portugal n When he returned home he was regarded as a national hero

Vasco de Gama

Spain’s Involvement n n n King Ferdinand Queen Isabella backed an expedition to find a westward trade route to India Convinced that the circumference of Earth was not as great as others thought, Italian Christopher Columbus believed he could reach Asia by sailing west. Spain backed Christopher Columbus on a voyage to find India

Ferdinand Isabella

Christopher Columbus

Columbus (Con’t) n October 11 th, 1492 n Columbus finds the present day West Indies n Thinks it’s India. People referred to as “Indians”

STUDENT

Question How many African slaves did Great Britain transport in Triangle Trade?

Answer 2. 5 million

Amerigo Vespucci Italian merchant n Born in Florence, employed by Medici family. n Find passage to India that eluded Columbus. n Searched 400 miles of coast along South America. n

Vespucci Continued… n n “I see no reason why anyone should justly object to calling this part. . . America, after Amerigo [Vespucci], its discoverer, a man of great ability. ” The name stuck, and when a second huge land mass was discovered to the north, the names North and South America were applied to the two continents.

Treaty of Tordesillas n In the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas, they decided on a north-to-south line through the Atlantic Ocean and the easternmost part of South America. n Portugal claimed the unexplored territories east of the line, Spain to the west.

Magellan Portuguese n Reached southern tip of South America n Straight of Magellan n Reached “Pacific Ocean”=calm n 3 years later, ship returns to Seville. First ship to circumnavigate n

Magellan

Magellan’s Voyage

Circumnavigation n. Definition= sailing completely around something, such as the world

Portugal n Defeated the Arabs to take control of trade n Took control of Indian Ocean n Colonized Brazil n Grew sugar cane, tobacco, coffee, and cotton

Spain n Conquistadors= “conquerors” came to the Americas to “serve God” n A. K. A. spread Christianity n GOD, GOLD & GLORY n Hernan Cortes comes to Mexico

Hernan Cortes

Montezuma II

Hernan Cortes Aztecs believed that the Spanish were “supernatural creatures” n Montezuma II (leader of Aztecs) thought might be returning gods. Offered gifts of gold n Riches were unimaginable. Fighting broke out and Aztecs were destroyed n

Francisco Pizarro

Francisco Pizarro n n n Invaded the Incan Empire in Peru Fought the Incan leader Atahualpa Pizarro killed thousands of Incans Forced labor, starvation, and disease took a huge toll on the Native Americans. * Pizzaro captured Atahualpa and sent for a ransom. He promised to release Atahualpa if the ransom was filled. He killed him anyways.

Pizarro’s Journey

Atahualpa

Spain’s Goals for America n Convert the Indians to Christianity n Riches n. From the Indians n. From the Land n. Gold, Crops, Silver

Dutch Expansion n First voyage to India in 1599 n Went back three years later and set up Dutch East India Company n Controlled trade of sugar, spices, coffee, and tea n 1641 -Controlled all trade coming out of Spice Islands

Henry Hudson

Dutch Expansion (con’t) n Henry Hudson claimed land along Atlantic coast of America n Dutch founded Dutch West India Company to establish colonies n Founded New Amsterdam which became a hub for Dutch trade

What is New Amsterdam’s Present Day Name? n Answer: NEW YORK!!!

French Expansion n 1524 French attempted to find Northwestern Passage through America to Asia n No Luck!!!! n 10 Years later Jacques Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence River to present day Montreal and claimed it for the French

Jacques Cartier

English Expansion n Jamestown- present day Virginia n First English settlement in North America 1608 n 1620’s Pilgrims settled in Plymouth (present day Massachusetts) n Protestants who set up Mayflower Compact

BELL RINGER n. Explain why GOD was a reason that Europeans explored the world?

Slave Trade n Triangular trade- ships sailed the triangle of Europe, Africa, and the Americas n Europeans went to Africa and traded goods for slaves, took them to America and traded slaves for goods, then went back to Europe

The Middle Passage n Middle Leg of Triangle Trade n Below deck, slaves were packed tightly n Each slave got 4 or 5 foot long by 2 to 3 foot area. n Chained together so they could not move or lie down n 3, 000 miles

The Middle Passage (cont. ) n 10 to 24 million slaves into the Americas n 1 in 5 died during the journey

When in America… n Slave auctions- plantation owners prodded and examined slaves n Labor was hard n Long Hours n Life Expectancy Short

Slave Trade

Commercial Revolution n New methods for investing money, speeding the flow of money, and reducing risk in business ventures n i. e. joint-stock companies

Overseas Trade n. Required large amounts of money and capital n. Merchants turned to bankers for loans ni. e. Medici of Florence

Overseas Trade (cont. ) n Banking families began to be replaced by government chartered banks n These banks provided loans, deposits, and began exact exchange rates foreign currency

Joint-Stock Company Definition- trading venture that sold shares to divide costs and profits n Way to defer risks. Investor would only lose the amount they had invested in shares n Provided a stable way of raising funds for voyages n

Entrepreneurs n n Definition- individuals who combined money, ideas, raw materials, and labor to make goods and profits *i. e. would buy wool, then employ spinners to make the yarn, then weavers would make the cloth. The cloth would be sold on the open market where it would bring a profit. Losses were a possibility

Mercantilism n Definition- economic policy of European nations in the 1600’s, equating wealth and power

Balance of Trade n. Definition- exporting more than you import

Growth of Europe n. Effects of trade and economics caused a boom in the population of Europe

The End!!!! I’m So Excited!