Age of Exploration God Gold and Glory Objective

Age of Exploration God, Gold, and Glory Objective: To trace the great voyages of discovery and know their influence on the development of a new European worldview

Portugal Leads the Way Essential Question: How did Portugal find an ocean route to Asia? ► Europeans wanted luxury goods from Asia ► Muslims and Italians controlled the land trade routes ► Portugal, Spain, and England wanted a share of this trade § They needed to find a sea route to Asia

► Henry the Navigator § Son of Portugal’s king § Supported exploration, sponsored voyages § Set up schools, Perfected the caravel, a ship designed for long voyages.

► The Portuguese Reach India § 1488 – Bartolomeu Dias rounded the bottom of Africa and sailed up the east coast § 1498 – Vasco da Gama made it all the way around Africa and reached India § (Land trade can be expensive, sea trade was much cheaper thus much more profitable

Columbus Reaches America Essential Question: Why did Columbus sail west? What did he find? ► Columbus was an Italian navigator hoping to find a westward route to Asia

► Columbus’ First Voyage § Columbus convinced King Ferdinand Queen Isabella of Spain to sponsor his voyage § In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue…with 3 caravels and about 90 men, on October 12 th they reached land

► Columbus’s Mistake § Columbus thought he reached India, he called the people he met “Indios (Indians)” § He actually landed on an island in the Caribbean Sea (Hispaniola) § He thought he found a route to Asia, set up a settlement and sailed back to Spain

► The Treaty of Tordesillas § Spain wanted to make sure they didn’t claim lands that Portugal already claimed so in 1494 they signed the Treaty of Tordesillas § It drew an imaginary line around the world and split the world in half

Exploration After Columbus Essential Question: Which other European countries explored and claimed parts of the Americas? ► Circumnavigation § 1519, the Spanish sponsored Ferdinand Magellan (a Portuguese sailor) with 5 ships and 250 men to circumnavigate the globe § Magellan was killed in the Philippine Islands § After 3 years, one ship and 18 of the original crew left, they made it back to Spain

► Spanish Conquerors § In the 1500 s, many Spanish explorers came to the Americas § Gained control of all of present-day Mexico, Central America, & parts of South America § Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs in Mexico § Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas in South America

Hernan Cortez & the Aztecs

Reflection ► Pretend you are an Aztec during the Age of Exploration, how would you react to the arrival of Cortes and the Spanish explorers? (3 -5 Sentences)

Francisco Pizarro and the Incas

§ John Cabot (Italian explorer sponsored by England) claimed coastal lands for England, but didn’t reach Asia § Giovanni da Verrazzano (Italian explorer sponsored by France) explored New York harbor, but didn’t reach Asia § Jacques Cartier (French) explored Canada but didn’t reach Asia

► Mapmaking Worldview and a New § After these explorations, the European worldview expanded from the Mediterranean Sea to the Americas to the Spice Islands § Cartographers and mapmakers played a leading role in changing the worldview § Amerigo Vespucci named the new continents “The Americas”

Impact of Exploration Objective: To understand the impact of exchanges between Europe, Africa, and Asia and examine the economical impact of exploration

The Exchange of Goods and Ideas Essential Question: What goods and ideas were exchanged between the two hemispheres? ► The Columbian Exchange § Movement of living things between hemispheres § Europe and Africa => America ►Horses, wheat, onions, grapes, sugar cane, and oranges ►Measles and smallpox (killed 20 million) § America => Europe and Africa ►Corn, potatoes, pumpkins, and pineapples

► Triangular Trade § Trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa mainly involving the sugar cane and slaves

► The Spread of Culture § Spain and Portugal spread Christianity to the Americas § Europeans drank coffee from Arabia and used sugar produced from African slave labor in the Americas

A Global Economy ► Look at the tag of your sweater, shirt, or jacket. Write down where it is made and where the materials come from. ► Write and explanation for why you think your clothes are made there? ► My _____ is made in ______ and the materials are from ______. I think it is made in _____ because ______.

Rivalry for Colonies Essential Question: What European countries competed for colonies? ► Colonies provided European nations with raw materials and ready markets ► Portugal => Africa, India, East Asia, and Brazil ► Spain => Philippines, Peru, and Mexico ► Dutch => East Indies ► French => India, Canada, and America ► England => North America, Caribbean, and India

► The Spanish Armada § England Spain came into conflict over the Americas § ALSO, England is Protestant and Spain is Catholic § 1588 the Spanish Armada sailed up the English Channel to attack England, the English navy defeated them because they were faster and better armed. § The crushing blow weakened Spain and established England as a naval force allowing England to grow their empire overseas

Europe’s Economy Changes Essential Question: How did the Age of Exploration lead to the development of modern capitalism? ► Results of colonization ► Capitalism: an economic system based on private ownership of economic resources invested to make a profit. [competition is key!] ► Chartered Company: companies that held licenses from the government that gave them the sole right to trade in a particular area

► Mercantilism: a nation’s power depended on it’s wealth from control of trade and colonies. § Finding gold and silver § Obtain gold and silver though a favorable balance of trade (sells more than it buys) § Colonies provided a source of gold and silver, raw materials, also a market for manufactured goods

Government and Economy: Less or More Control? ► Some economists such as Adam Smith defended the idea of a free market economy in his influential book Wealth of Nations (1776), which became the foundation of capitalism