Age of Contact European Exploration Vocabulary Words Conquistador

Age of Contact: European Exploration

Vocabulary Words • Conquistador- A Spanish soldier/explorer who wanted riches & power, as well as wealth & glory for Spain, in the conquest of the Americas. • Mission- a religious settlement.

Reasons for Exploration Gold _______ European countries wanted to increase their global wealth. God _______ Catholic church supported expeditions in hopes of converting natives to Christianity Glory _______ Expeditions led by Conquistadors looking for wealth & fame.

T H E R E A S O N CINNAMON NUTMEG SAFFRON PEPPER Saffron, the world's most expensive spice, is costly because more than 225, 000 stigmas must be hand picked to produce one pound

Routes over land were dangerous & costly Western Europe wanted an all-water route to Asia

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Important Dates • 1492: Funded by the Spanish crown, Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic hoping to find a faster route to Asia • Following the example & knowledge of Columbus, other Conquistadors will claim territory in the “new world. ” world e w Are re the ! yet

Columbus

Aztecs

Spanish Advantages • Guns, Germs, & Steel - Advanced technology

Spanish Advantages

Spanish Advantages Indian Allies (military) 500 Conquistadors Persuaded thousands of other Native Americans that hated Aztec rule to join the Spanish as allies.

by 1521 Important Dates • Aztecs are conquered & all their gold is taken.

Hernan Cortes • Cortes eventually seizes the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan (renamed Mexico city) • Becomes a base for exploration called New Spain • His success inspires other Spaniards to explore North America

New Spanish Towns & Missions • • Spain was/is a Catholic nation Spanish wanted to convert Indians to Catholicism Priest & nuns established missions Helped protect claim of their territory

Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda • 1519 - Explored & created the 1 st map of the Gulf Coast region (including the Texas coast). 1 st Europeans to see Texas coast

Panfilo de Narvaez • Sent on an expedition to conquer land between Florida & Mexico • Ships that were supposed to pick them up never did. • Stranded, they built small boats • Go through a hurricane and get shipwrecked d e n w o r D

Cabeza de Vaca • Shipwrecked near Galveston – (part of Narvaez expedition) • Survived with Karankawa 8 yrs.

Location of Galveston Island; the castaways referred to as "Isla del Malhado, " or Island of Misfortune.

Removed an arrowhead from an Indians chest & sewed up the wounds= great fame as a healer Cabeza de Vaca described native dwellings as portable structures made of mats placed on four arches. When it was time to move to the next camp, the Indians would remove the mats and carry them on their backs.

Cabeza de Vaca • Eventually found his way back to Mexico City & then went back to Spain. • Wrote a book describing plants & animals (bison) in Texas

Popular Legend- 7 cities containing vast treasures. One of the cities was reportedly called Cibola.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado • Sent on an expedition to find Cibola- 7 cities that were rich in gold, silver, & gems. • Searched for 5 months going through the Texas Panhandle • Cibola turned out to be an adobe village • Didn’t want to go back empty handed = continued to search but he found no gold.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado • Explored the Texas panhandle. Searching for Quivera. 1 st European to see Grand Canyon (Arizona)

Coronado’s Report on [Texas] • “was a country (land) of fine appearance” and its soil promised good farming. He also reported that “there is not any gold nor any other metal- nothing but little villages. ”

(1581) Don Juan de Onate • Claims entire Rio Grande Valley for Spain • Founded the Spanish settlements of upper Rio Grande, including El Paso (El Paso del Norte) • Set up missions along the Rio Grande

Rene-Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle • 1682: Explored the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico & claimed Louisiana for France.

Rene-Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle (1685) La Salle’s settlement – Fort St. Louis near Matagorda Bay. Spain now had to take action to make sure the French didn’t take over their claim to Texas

Results of European Exploration • Columbian Exchange- Transfer of plants, animals, & diseases

Americas Europe, Asia, Africa • Avocados, beans, • Barley, rice, oats. cashews, cocoa beans Wheat, bananas, (chocolate), corn, coffee, lemons, lettuce, papayas, peanuts, okra, olives, onions, pecans, peppers, oranges, peaches, pineapples, potatoes, pears, radishes, squash, tomatoes, soybeans, sugarcane, vanilla beans, wild rice. watermelons. • Guinea pigs, • Chickens, cows, cats, hummingbirds, goats, hogs, honey muskrats, rattlesnakes, bees, horses, mice, turkeys rabbits, rats, sheep

Results of European Exploration Diseases: Small pox & measles Cattle Mustangs wild offspring uits r f t ren e f f i D of horses brought by the Spanish Indians get horses trading/raiding = Indians become better hunters & fighters.

Spanish pronunciation of the Caddo Indian word Teyshas. The word = “friend, ” & generally referred to the allied tribes of their confederacy. In Spanish, the sh sound is usually represented by j, h, or x = became - Americans called it… TEXAS