Age of Absolutism n The Age of Absolutism
Age of Absolutism
n The Age of Absolutism takes its name from a series of European monarchs who increased the power of their central governments n Louis XIV of France n Peter the Great of Russia
Louis XIV • Louis XIV built Versailles as a symbol of royal power • Never called the Estates General Peter the Great • Peter the Great westernized Russia • Made Russian nobles serve the state
English Civil War 1642 1651 Restoration of Charles II 1660 Charles I executed Glorious Revolution (William and Mary) Oliver Cromwell English Bill of Rights 1689
Outcomes of English Civil War n Development of political parties and factions n Increase of Parliamentary power over royal power n English Bill of Rights
English Bill of Rights 1689 n No taxation without consent of Parliament n No royal interference with the law or the election of members of Parliament n Freedom of speech n No cruel or unusual punishments
The Enlightenment n Human progress was possible through the application of scientific knowledge and reason to issues of law and government n Applied reason to the human world n Stimulated religious tolerance n Caused democratic revolutions around the world n Influenced Declaration of Independence
The Enlightenment n n Thomas Hobbes – Leviathan – Humans exist in a primitive state of nature and consent to government for self protection John Locke – Two Treatises on Government – People consent to government for protection of natural rights of life, liberty, and property n Montesquieu – The Spirit of Laws – The best form of government includes separation of powers n Rousseau – The Social Contract – Government is a contract between rulers and people n Voltaire – Separation of Church and State
The Enlightenment n Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the Americas and France n Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence incorporated Enlightenment ideas n The Constitution of the United States of America and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas
Artists, Philosophers, and Writers n Johann Sebastian Bach – Baroque Composer n Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Classical Composer n Eugene Delacroix – Romantic School Painter n Miguel Cervantes – Novelist – Don Quixote n Paintings depicted classical subjects, public events, natural scenes, and living people n New forms of literature involved the novel
Liberty by Delacroix
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