After the Confederacy surrendered to end the Civil

After the Confederacy surrendered to end the Civil War, the U. S. government faced the question of how to deal with the defeated southern states. Those states not only needed to be rebuilt due to the devastation of the war but they had to be readmitted back into the Union. This period in American history is known as… RECONSTRUCTION Richmond, Virginia - 1865

Plans of Reconstruction There were four different plans for Reconstruction: • Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan • Wade - Davis Bill • Andrew Johnson’s Plan • Reconstruction Act

Ten Percent Plan (1863) Proposed by: President Abraham Lincoln Conditions former Confederate states to rejoin the Union: • Ten percent of voters must swear loyalty to the Union. • Must abolish slavery.

Lincoln’s plan made it easy for the nation to be united again. Lincoln, however, could not see his plan through. On April 14, 1865 President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play with his wife.

Wade - Davis Bill (1864) Proposed by: Republicans in Congress U. S. Senator Henry W. Davis ---------- Conditions former Confederate states to rejoin Union: • Majority of white men must swear loyalty. • Former Confederate volunteers cannot vote or hold office.

Andrew Johnson’s Plan (1865) Proposed by: Andrew Johnson Conditions former Confederate states to rejoin Union: • Majority of white men must swear loyalty. • Must ratify Thirteenth Amendment. • Former Confederate officials may vote but may not hold office.

Reconstruction Act (1867) Proposed by: Radical Republicans Conditions former Confederate states to rejoin Union: • Must disband state governments. • Must write new constitutions. • Must ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. • African Americans must be allowed to vote.

Amendments and Laws to help Freed Slaves 1. Thirteenth Amendment 2. Fourteenth Amendment 3. Fifteenth Amendment 4. Freedmen’s Bureau

• Granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States. This gave most African Americans citizenship. • Guaranteed equal protection of the laws. • Declared that no state could “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

Forbade any state to deny African Americans the right to vote because of their race.

• Gave food and clothing to former slaves. • Tried to find jobs for freedmen. • Helped poor whites as well. • Provided medical care for over 1 million people.

FREEDOM…

BUT NOT EQUALITY!

Laws against Equality JIM CROW LAWS Southern states pass laws that separated blacks and whites in schools, restaurants, theaters, trains, streetcars, playgrounds, and even cemeteries.

Plessy V. Ferguson

Plessy v. Ferguson The Supreme Courts decision ruled that segregation was legal so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal… Separate is NEVER equal.

VIOLENCE

Lynching

KKK Spreads Terror

Voting restrictions for African Americans • Poll Taxes: required voters to pay a fee each time they voted… Freedmen could rarely afford to vote. • Literacy Tests: required voters to read in order to vote. Freedmen had little education. • Grandfather Clauses: If voters father or grandfather had been eligible to vote in 1867 the voter did not have to take the literacy test. This increased the number of eligible white voters.