Africas GOVERNMENTS Kenya Nigeria South Africa Presentation Graphic

Africa’s GOVERNMENTS Kenya, Nigeria, & South Africa Presentation, Graphic Organizers, & Activities

STANDARDS: SS 7 CG 1 Compare and contrast different forms of citizen participation in government. a. Explain the role of citizen participation in autocratic and democratic governments. b. Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential. c. Explain the role of citizens in choosing the leaders of South Africa (parliamentary democracy), Nigeria (presidential democracy), and Kenya (presidential democracy). © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: CLOZE Notes • The next pages are handouts for the students to use for note-taking during the presentation. (Print front to back to save paper and ink. ) • Check the answers as a class after the presentation. © Brain Wrinkles

Governments CLOZE Notes 1 Africa • By the early 1900 s, ____________ had colonized nearly all of Africa. • African people ____________ in the laws that were made under European rule. • Today, there are ____________ independent African nations. • Some of these countries have ____________ , while others are suppressed by autocracies. Let’s Review • Autocracy-- ____________ possesses unlimited power & citizens have limited role in government • Democracy--supreme power is vested in the people & exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation involving ____________ • Parliamentary– citizens elect members of Parliament, and then the ____________ the leader • Leader works with or ____________ • Presidential--system of government in which the leader is constitutionally independent of the legislature; citizens ____________ Leader works ____________ • KENYA Background • Kenya became independent from Great Britain on December 12 th, 1963 under the leadership of ____________. • Kenya has recently experienced ____________ in its government. • The new constitution (2010) introduced significant legislative changes, such as a new ____________ , the abolishment of the prime minister, and having female representation from each of Kenya’s 47 counties. • The constitution also promises to ____________ in the government and to provide better protection of citizens’ rights. • Kenya is currently a democratic republic with an ____________ and a bicameral legislature. Leadership • Kenya’s president acts as both ____________ and head of state. • As the chief executive, Kenya’s president ____________ and is involved in the day-to-day business of running the country. • As the head of state, the president attends ____________ and meets with leaders from all around the world. © Brain Wrinkles

Governments CLOZE Notes 2 How Leaders Are Chosen • The president is directly elected by a ____________ from the people. • He or she serves a ____________ and is eligible for a second term if elected. Legislature • The ____________ is the country’s bicameral legislature. • It consists of ____________ — the Senate and the National Assembly. • Citizens are responsible for electing members for ____________. Presidential Democracy • The citizens ____________ the president every 5 years. • The president ____________ from Kenya’s Parliament. Role of Citizens • Citizens must be ____________ , but voting is not required by law. • As a democracy, its ____________ in voting and elections. • The citizens ____________ , as well as for members of the parliament. Flaws • Even though Kenya is a democracy, the citizens do not have ____________ in the government. • Much of the decision-making process is made by the ____________. • Freedoms are written into the constitution, but ____________ by the president. • Corruption has also been a major problem as many politicians ____________. • Also, because many African cultures view politics as a male occupation, women are ____________ in Kenya’s government. NIGERIA Background • On October 1 st, 1960, Great Britain granted ____________ under the leadership of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, the first Nigerian-elected prime minister. • At first, Nigeria was one of the ____________ in Africa. • Nigeria suffered from violence and ____________ from 1966 until 1999, when a democratic government was finally established. • The constitution also promises to ____________ in the government and to provide better protection of citizens’ rights. • Kenya is currently a ____________ with an elected president and a bicameral legislature. © Brain Wrinkles

Governments CLOZE Notes 3 Leadership • Nigeria’s president acts as both chief executive and ____________. • As the chief executive, Nigeria’s president holds a lot of power and is involved in the ____________ of running the country. • As the head of state, the president attends Nigeria’s ceremonies and ____________ from all around the world. How Leaders Are Chosen • Nigeria’s president is directly elected by a popular vote ____________. • He or she serves a five-year term and is eligible for a ___________. Legislature • The Nigerian ____________ is the country’s bicameral legislature. • It consists of two houses—the Senate and the ____________. • Members of both houses are ____________. Presidential Democracy • The citizens ____________ the president every 5 years. • The president ____________ from Nigeria’s National Assembly (legislature). Role of the Citizen • Citizens must be 18 to vote, but voting is ____________ by law. • ____________, its citizens can participate in voting and elections. • The citizens vote for the president, as well as for ____________. Flaws • Nigeria is a democratic country, but it still ____________. • Corruption has been a major issue in Nigeria, as politicians have taken bribes and abused their power to ____________. • Elections have been afflicted with fraud and ____________. • Citizens cannot always rely on the courts to ____________ and freedoms. • Women are ____________ in the government. SOUTH AFRICA Background • South Africa became independent from Great Britain in ________. • Until 1994, South Africa had an oligarchy that was controlled by the white __________. • Today, the racially segregated government has ended and South Africa is a _________. © Brain Wrinkles

Governments CLOZE Notes 4 Leadership • The president is the chief executive who holds the ____________. • He or she is the head of government and ____________. • He or she is the ____________ with the most seats in National Assembly. How Leaders Are Chosen • The parliament ____________ to be the president. • He or she serves a ____________ (no more than two terms). Legislature • The Parliament of South Africa is the country’s ____________. • It consists of two houses—the ____________ and the National Council of Provinces. • ____________ to the National Assembly, while lower provincial governments appoint officials to the National Council of Provinces. Parliamentary Democracy • The political party with the ____________ in the National Assembly selects the President. • This is the ____________ between a Presidential Democracy and a Parliamentary Democracy! • Parliamentary Democracy – ____________ leader Role of the Citizen • Citizens must be ____________ , but voting is not required by law. • As a democracy, its ____________ in voting and elections. • The citizens vote for members of the National Assembly (parliament), who then ____________. • Compared to Nigeria and Kenya, South Africa’s democracy is much stronger. • ____________ and the Constitution protects citizens’ rights and freedoms. • People can participate in South Africa’s government by voting for representatives, expressing their opinions on issues, and ____________. Flaws • Personal ____________ in South Africa since Apartheid (legal separation of the races) has ended. • Unfortunately, even though Apartheid has ended, much of South Africa’s ____________ the black population. • This has caused a very ____________ among half of the country’s population. © Brain Wrinkles

Africa’s Governments Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa © Brain Wrinkles

Africa • By the early 1900 s, European nations had colonized nearly all of Africa. • African people had little say in the laws that were made under European rule. • Today, there are more than 50 independent African nations. • Some of these countries have established democracies, while others are suppressed by autocracies. © Brain Wrinkles

Let’s Review Government TYPES– HOW DO CITIZENS PARTICIPATE? • Autocracy-- 1 person possesses unlimited power & citizens have limited role in government • Democracy--supreme power is vested in the people & exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation involving free elections © Brain Wrinkles

Let’s Review TWO TYPES OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENTS: • Parliamentary– citizens elect members of Parliament, and then the members select the leader o Leader works with or through the legislature • Presidential--system of government in which the leader is constitutionally independent of the legislature; citizens directly elect leader © Brain Wrinkles

Republic of Kenya Presidential Representative Democratic Republic © Brain Wrinkles

Background • Kenya became independent from Great Britain on December 12 th, 1963 under the leadership of Jomo Kenyatta. • Kenya has recently experienced many changes in its government. • The new constitution (2010) introduced significant legislative changes, such as a new bicameral legislature, the abolishment of the prime minister, and having female representation from each of Kenya’s 47 counties. © Brain Wrinkles

Jomo Kenyatta served as Kenya’s president from 1964 to 1978. © Brain Wrinkles

Background • The constitution also promises to reduce corruption in the government and to provide better protection of citizens’ rights. • Kenya is currently a democratic republic with an elected president and a bicameral legislature. © Brain Wrinkles

The Kenyatta International Conference Centre, in Nairobi, is home to Kenya’s government. © Brain Wrinkles

Leadership • Kenya’s president acts as both chief executive and head of state. • As the chief executive, Kenya’s president holds a lot of power and is involved in the day-to-day business of running the country. • As the head of state, the president attends Kenya’s ceremonies and meets with leaders from all around the world. © Brain Wrinkles

Uhuru Kenyatta © Brain Wrinkles Kenya’s 4 th President

How Leaders Are Chosen • The president is directly elected by a popular vote from the people. • He or she serves a five-year term and is eligible for a second term if elected. © Brain Wrinkles

Legislature • The Parliament of Kenya is the country’s bicameral legislature. • It consists of two houses—the Senate and the National Assembly. • Citizens are responsible for electing members for both houses. © Brain Wrinkles

Inside Kenya’s Parliament © Brain Wrinkles

Presidential Democracy • The citizens directly elect the president every 5 years. • The president works separately from Kenya’s Parliament. © Brain Wrinkles

Role of the Citizen • Citizens must be 18 to vote, but voting is not required by law. • As a democracy, its citizens can participate in voting and elections. • The citizens vote for the president, as well as for members of the parliament. © Brain Wrinkles

Voting in Kenya – March 2013 © Brain Wrinkles

Flaws • Even though Kenya is a democracy, the citizens do not have too much say in the government. • Much of the decision-making process is made by the president and his party. • Freedoms are written into the constitution, but government is dominated by the president. • Corruption has also been a major problem as many politicians take bribes. • Also, because many African cultures view politics as a male occupation, women are not © Brain Wrinkles

Republic of Nigeria Presidential Representative Democratic Republic © Brain Wrinkles

Background • On October 1 st, 1960, Great Britain granted Nigeria independence under the leadership of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, the first Nigerian-elected prime minister. • At first, Nigeria was one of the more stable governments in Africa. • Nigeria suffered from violence and military rule from 1966 until 1999, when a democratic government was finally established. © Brain Wrinkles

Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, the first Nigerian-elected prime minister © Brain Wrinkles

Background • The constitution also promises to reduce corruption in the government and to provide better protection of citizens’ rights. • Kenya is currently a democratic republic with an elected president and a bicameral legislature. © Brain Wrinkles

The National Assembly building in Abuja is home to Nigeria’s legislature. © Brain Wrinkles

Leadership • Nigeria’s president acts as both chief executive and head of state. • As the chief executive, Nigeria’s president holds a lot of power and is involved in the day-to-day business of running the country. • As the head of state, the president attends Nigeria’s ceremonies and meets with leaders from all around the © Brain Wrinkles

Muhammadu Buhari © Brain Wrinkles Nigeria’s President

How Leaders Are Chosen • Nigeria’s president is directly elected by a popular vote from the people. • He or she serves a five-year term and is eligible for a second term if elected. © Brain Wrinkles

Legislature • The Nigerian National Assembly is the country’s bicameral legislature. • It consists of two houses—the Senate and the House of Representatives. • Members of both houses are elected by Nigeria’s citizens. © Brain Wrinkles

Inside Nigeria’s Parliament © Brain Wrinkles

Presidential Democracy • The citizens directly elect the president every 5 years. • The president works separately from Nigeria’s National Assembly (legislature). © Brain Wrinkles

Role of the Citizen • Citizens must be 18 to vote, but voting is not required by law. • As a democracy, its citizens can participate in voting and elections. • The citizens vote for the president, as well as for members of the legislature. © Brain Wrinkles

Voting in Nigeria - 2015 © Brain Wrinkles

Flaws • Nigeria is a democratic country, but it still has its flaws. • Corruption has been a major issue in Nigeria, as politicians have taken bribes and abused their power to gain personal wealth. • Elections have been afflicted with fraud and unequal voting rights. • Citizens cannot always rely on the courts to protect their rights and freedoms. • Women are not equally represented in the government. © Brain Wrinkles

The 2015 presidential election was free, fair, and well-conducted. © Brain Wrinkles

Republic of South Africa © Brain Wrinkles

Background • South Africa became independent from Great Britain in 1910. • Until 1994, South Africa had an oligarchy that was controlled by the white leaders of Apartheid. • Today, the racially segregated government has ended and South Africa is a democracy. © Brain Wrinkles

The Houses of Parliament, in Cape Town, is home to South Africa’s government. © Brain Wrinkles

• Leadership The president is the chief executive who holds the most political power. • He or she is the head of government and head of state. • He or she is the leader of the party with the most seats in National Assembly. © Brain Wrinkles

Jacob Zuma © Brain Wrinkles South Africa’s President

How Leaders Are Chosen • The parliament selects one of its members to be the president. • He or she serves a five-year term (no more than two terms). © Brain Wrinkles

Legislature • The Parliament of South Africa is the country’s bicameral legislature. • It consists of two houses—the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces. • Citizens elect members to the National Assembly, while lower provincial governments appoint officials to the National Council of Provinces. © Brain Wrinkles

National Assembly Chamber © Brain Wrinkles

Parliamentary Democracy • The political party with the most members in the National Assembly selects the President. • This is the major difference between a Presidential Democracy and a Parliamentary Democracy! o Parliamentary Democracy – legislature chooses the executive leader © Brain Wrinkles

Role of the Citizen • Citizens must be 18 to vote, but voting is not required by law. • As a democracy, its citizens can participate in voting and elections. • The citizens vote for members of the National Assembly (parliament), who then elects the president. © Brain Wrinkles

Role of the Citizen • Compared to Nigeria and Kenya, South Africa’s democracy is much stronger. • Elections are fair and the Constitution protects citizens’ rights and freedoms. • People can participate in South Africa’s government by voting for representatives, expressing their opinions on issues, and running for office. © Brain Wrinkles

Flaws • Personal freedoms are more numerous in South Africa since Apartheid (legal separation of the races) has ended. • Unfortunately, even though Apartheid has ended, much of South Africa’s wealth does not reach the black population. • This has caused a very low standard of living among half of the country’s population. © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: Government Chart • Print off the Government chart for each student. • The students will complete the chart after discussing the presentation. • Check the answers as a class to be sure that all charts are completed correctly. © Brain Wrinkles

Comparing African Governments Directions: Complete the chart below after discussing the presentation. South Africa Nigeria Kenya Country © Brain Wrinkles Background Information Type of Government Executive Branch How are leaders chosen? Legislative Branch Role of Citizen

TEACHER INFO: Cookin’ Up A Government • Print off the Cookin’ Up A Government handouts for each student. *Print front-to-back to save paper. • On the first sheet, the students will summarize the “ingredients” for each of the 3 African countries’ governments. • On the back, the students will choose one country and write a recipe for the country’s government that describes how it was “made”. © Brain Wrinkles

Cookin’ Up A Government Directions: In the jars below, summarize the “ingredients” for each country’s government. Kenya Nigeria South Africa

Cookin’ Up A Government Directions: Choose one of the countries and write a recipe for the country’s government that describes how it was “made”. Include several ingredients that were used to form the government. Also, write out the special cooking instructions for bringing the ingredients together Ingredients: _ _ _ Instructions: ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: True/False Review • Print off the cards on the following page (or have students quickly make their own on scrap paper). • Project the True/False statements and have the students hold up the correct end of the card. • After you scan to see the students’ answers, display the Answer slide. © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles TRUE FALSE © Brain Wrinkles

True or False? In a democracy, citizens play an important role because they are able to vote for leaders. © Brain Wrinkles

ANSWER: True © Brain Wrinkles

True or False? South Africa has a presidential democracy. © Brain Wrinkles

ANSWER: False – Parliamentary Democracy © Brain Wrinkles

True or False? South Africa is a parliamentary democracy in which the chief executive is elected by the citizens. © Brain Wrinkles

ANSWER: False-selected by parliament © Brain Wrinkles

True or False? Citizens directly vote for the president in Kenya. © Brain Wrinkles

ANSWER: True © Brain Wrinkles

True or False? Women’s rights and government corruption are serious flaws in Kenya and Nigeria’s democratic governments. © Brain Wrinkles

ANSWER: True © Brain Wrinkles

True or False? In a democracy, a ruler has absolute power and the citizens do not possess the right to choose their own leaders. © Brain Wrinkles

ANSWER: False Autocracy © Brain Wrinkles

True or False? South Africa has one of the weakest democratic governments in Africa today. © Brain Wrinkles

ANSWER: False – strongest © Brain Wrinkles

True or False? In Kenya and Nigeria, citizens elect the chief executive. © Brain Wrinkles

ANSWER: True © Brain Wrinkles

True or False? In South Africa, the president comes to the role by hereditary line. © Brain Wrinkles

ANSWER: False – he or she is selected from the legislature © Brain Wrinkles

True or False? In a presidential democracy, citizens vote for members of the legislature and the members select the country’s leader. © Brain Wrinkles

ANSWER: False – Parliamentary Democracy © Brain Wrinkles

True or False? Kenya and Nigeria are presidential democracies in which the citizens are responsible for electing the president and members of the legislature. © Brain Wrinkles

ANSWER: True © Brain Wrinkles

True or False? In a democracy, a single ruler or party holds unlimited power over the government & its people. © Brain Wrinkles

ANSWER: False – autocracy © Brain Wrinkles

True or False? In Kenya, voting starts at age 18 and is not required by law. © Brain Wrinkles

ANSWER: True © Brain Wrinkles

True or False? The head of Kenya’s government (person with the most political power) is the president. © Brain Wrinkles

ANSWER: True © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: Triple Venn Diagram • Print off the Venn diagram handout for each student. • The students will compare and contrast the governments of Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. • When students are finished, they should trade papers with a partner to check answers/make sure they have enough information in each section. © Brain Wrinkles

South Africa Kenya © Brain Wrinkles African Governments Nigeria Compare and

TEACHER INFO: Comprehension Check • Print off the Comprehension Check for each student. • The students will complete this handout at the end of the lesson. You can count this as a quiz! © Brain Wrinkles

Governments Comprehension Check 1. In this type of government, citizens play an important role because they are able to vote for leaders. 2. Name two presidential democracies found in Africa today: 3. In this type of government, citizens have virtually no role because all the decisions are made by a single leader. 4. What type of democracy is found in South Africa? 5. In this country, citizens have gained more equality since Apartheid ended in 1994. 6. Describe some flaws found in Kenya and Nigeria’s governments: 7. In Kenya, the President is both the chief executive and the head of state. What type of democracy is this? 8. How is the president of South Africa chosen? 9. Kenya and Nigeria are presidential democracies in which the citizens are responsible for electing the: 10. What is citizen participation like in all three countries’ governments? © Brain Wrinkles