Africas Government and Religion African Rulers developed different

Africa’s Government and Religion • African Rulers developed different forms of government. Traditional religions, Christianity and Islam shaped early African culture. BELL RINGER Analyze the chart on page 463 and answer the 2 Using Geography Skills Questions.

Chapter 13 Section 2 Questions 1. West African empires utilized ______ governments ruled by _______. 2. King _____ of Mali rewarded loyal citizens with gold, land, and horses. 3. Today, the most widely practiced religion in Africa is _______. 4. Igbo is similar to Christianity, Islam, & Judaism in that all believe in _______. 5. The ______ language & culture still exists in East Africa.

Africa’s Government & Religion Government & Society Traditional African Religions Islam in Africa

Africa’s Government & Religion Government & Society > Early African kings were powerful. They settled arguments, managed trade, and protected the empire. > Merchants paid taxes to the king and received favors from him. Traditional African Religions Islam in Africa

Chapter 13 Section 2: Africa’s Government and Religion Government and Society Ruler and Subject Ghana’s Government Mali’s Government Songhai’s Government How was Mali ruled differently from Ghana?

Africa’s Government & Religion Government & Society Traditional African Religions > Early African kings were powerful. They settled arguments, managed trade, and protected the empire. > Merchants paid taxes to the king and received favors from him. > Many African groups believed in 1 supreme God. > Beliefs varied from place to place, but their purpose was similar: To help people stay in touch with their history and provide rules for living. > Many Africans believed the spirits of dead relatives stayed with them when they died and that the spirits could talk to the supreme God. Islam in Africa

Africa’s Government & Religion Government & Society Traditional African Religions Islam in Africa > Early African kings were powerful. They settled arguments, managed trade, and protected the empire. > Merchants paid taxes to the king and received favors from him. > Many African groups believed in 1 supreme God. > Beliefs varied from place to place, but their purpose was similar: To help people stay in touch with their history and provide rules for living. > Many Africans believed the spirits of dead relatives stayed with them when they died and that the spirits could talk to the supreme God. > Islam was popular in West African cities where Africans traded with Muslim Arabs. > Not all Africans accepted Islam. > Mansa Musa – worked to spread Islam. > Sunni Ali – called himself Muslim, but practiced the traditional religion of Songhai. His son refused Islam.

Chapter 13 Section 2: Africa’s Government and Religion Islam in Africa Mali & Mansa Musa Songhai & Askia Muhammad Islam in East Africa Islam’s Impact on Africa Describe some of the beliefs of Tradional African Religions.

Government and Society • Early African kings were powerful. They settled arguments, managed trade, and protected the empire. • Merchants paid taxes to the king and received favors from him.

Ghana’s Government • Included a council of members who advised the King. • The Empire was divided into provinces. • They were ruled by lesser Kings or conquered rulers. Below them were local rulers who ruled over a district. • The throne of Ghana was passed on to the son of the King’s sister.

Mali’s Government • Officials had more responsibility than Ghana’s did. • Empire was divided into provinces. • Generals governed the provinces and protected the people from invaders.

Songhai’s Government • Sunni Ali began dividing his Empire into provinces but died before he could finish. • Muhammad Ture seized control of Songhai after Ali died. • He was a faithful Muslim, and his religious ideas affected the Songhai government.

Traditional African Religions • Many African groups believed in 1 supreme God. • Beliefs varied from place to place, but their purpose was similar: To help people stay in touch with their history and provide rules for living. • Many Africans believed the spirits of dead relatives stayed with them when they died and that the spirits could talk to the supreme God.

Islam in Africa • Islam was popular in West African cities where Africans traded with Muslim Arabs. • Not all Africans accepted Islam. • Mansa Musa – worked to spread Islam. • Sunni Ali – called himself Muslim, but practiced the traditional religion of Songhai. His son refused Islam.

Islam in Africa • Muhammad Ture – took the name Askia Muhammad. Under his rule Timbuktu became a center of Islamic learning and culture. • East Africa – blended African and Muslim traditions. • Northern and Eastern African people adopted Islamic laws and ideas, even though some opposed those ideas. • Islam: encouraged learning, influenced art and architecture.