Africas ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Presentation Graphic Organizers Activities STANDARDS

STANDARDS: SS 7 G 2 Explain environmental issues across the continent of Africa. a.

TEACHER INFO: CLOZE Notes • The next pages are handouts for the students to

Environmental Issues CLOZE Notes 1 WATER POLLUTION & UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION Africa & Water •

Environmental Issues CLOZE Notes 2 Pollution • Many countries in Africa do not have

Environmental Issues CLOZE Notes 3 DEFORESTATION • As Africa’s ___________ and nations try to

Environmental Issues CLOZE Notes 4 DESERTIFICATION • The Sahel is one part of Africa

Africa’s Environmental Issues Water Pollution & Unequal Distribution, Deforestation, & Desertification © Brain Wrinkles

Water Pollution & Unequal Distribution © Brain Wrinkles

Africa & Water • Water has always been vital to Africa. • The oceans,

Limited Supply • Countries with large river systems have enough water for farming and

Walk to Water • People who live in rural areas of Africa typically don’t

Poverty • Because fetching water is so timeconsuming, women are unable to work and

Drought • Droughts (long periods of very little rainfall) have hurt many parts of

Pollution • Many countries in Africa do not have enough clean water, even the

Diseases • Clean water is needed for basic health and sanitation. • Lack of

Diseases • Millions of Africans are hospitalized yearly from ingesting unsafe water. • Sick

Industries • Local industries that depend on water sources for their livelihood have been

Clean Up • Overpopulation and poor sanitation regulations have made life along Africa’s water

Deforestation • As Africa’s population increases and nations try to develop economically, deforestation has

Logging • A main cause of deforestation in Africa today is commercial logging. •

Population • Another reason Africans are cutting down so many trees is population growth.

Rainforest • Many of the rainforests that once ran from Guinea to Cameroon are

Since the 1990 s, more than 90% of West. African rainforests have been cut

Effects • As the number of trees shrinks, so does the amount of oxygen

Effects • Crops grow best in topsoil, a nutrient-rich layer of dirt. • When

Desertification • The Sahel is one part of Africa that is experiencing severe problems

Growing Desert • A majority of the desertification is the result of the actions

Effects • The survival needs of the people living there are clear, but they

Solution? • Some Africans work hard to try to replant trees, to build windbreaks

Solution? • In recent years, the United Nations and the World Food Bank have

TEACHER INFO: • Print off the following slide for each student. • They should

Africa’s Environmental Issues Unequal Distribution Water Pollution & Deforestation Desertification Directions: Complete the chart

TEACHER INFO: Political Cartoon Analysis • Print off the Political Cartoon Analysis sheet for

Political Cartoon Analysis Directions: Spend some time analyzing the political cartoon, then answer the

TEACHER INFO: Africa Water Bottle • Print off the Africa Water Bottle handout for

Africa Water Bottle Description: Directions: Design a water bottle to raise awareness about the

TEACHER INFO: Environmental Issues Selfies • Print off the Environmental Issues Selfies handout for

Africa’s Environmental Issues Selfies Directions: It’s time to spread awareness about deforestation and desertification

TEACHER INFO: Comprehension Check • Print off the Comprehension Check handout for each student.

Africa’s Environmental Issues Comprehension Check 1. What water problems do many African nations face?

TEACHER INFO: TICKET OUT THE DOOR • Print off the Tweet All About It

Name: Tweet All About It Write tweets about the environmental issues across the continent

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Africa’s ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Presentation, Graphic Organizers, & Activities

STANDARDS: SS 7 G 2 Explain environmental issues across the continent of Africa. a. Explain how water pollution and unequal access to water impacts irrigation, trade, industry, and drinking water. b. Explain the relationship between poor soil and deforestation in Sub-Saharan Africa. c. Explain the impact of desertification on the environment of Africa. © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: CLOZE Notes • The next pages are handouts for the students to use for note-taking during the presentation. (Print front to back to save paper and ink. ) • Check the answers as a class after the presentation. © Brain Wrinkles

Environmental Issues CLOZE Notes 1 WATER POLLUTION & UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION Africa & Water • Water has ___________ to Africa. • The oceans, rivers, & seas that surround and run through Africa have allowed Africans to ___________ and to have access to the outside world. • The interactions around these bodies of water have enabled certain cities to become ___________. Limited Supply • Countries with large river systems have ___________ and for people in villages, towns, and cities. • Unfortunately, the majority of Africa has ___________ for people to survive. • Most African countries have ___________ for drinking and washing. Walk to Water • People who live in rural areas of Africa typically ___________ or plumbing in their homes. • Women and children must ___________ to gather it from a water source. • This has caused ___________ for many African countries. Poverty • Because fetching water is so time-consuming, women are ___________ and children don’t have time to go to school. • Lack of education and employment leads to a low GDP and ___________. • Many Africans cannot escape the ___________. Drought • Droughts (_______________ ) have hurt many parts of Africa. • When the rains do not come, ___________ away and livestock die. • People who live in areas affected by drought often face famine and begin to ___________. © Brain Wrinkles

Environmental Issues CLOZE Notes 2 Pollution • Many countries in Africa do not have ___________ , even the ones that have large rivers. • African countries have the problem of increasing ___________ and contamination from animals & human waste. • Industries also contribute to the problem by dumping toxic mining chemicals and ___________ into the waters. Diseases • Clean water is needed for basic ___________. • Lack of clean water to wash with increases the frequency of ___________. • People who are not able to have access to clean water are at risk for many water-borne diseases that ___________ living in standing water. • Millions of Africans are hospitalized yearly from ___________. • Sick people are ___________ , with negatively impacts the economy. • Also, unclean drinking water is a ___________ for thousands of children in Africa. Industries • Local industries that depend on water sources for their livelihood ___________ by water pollution. • Water pollution either kills fish or makes them ___________. • It can also kill livestock, which destroys the ___________ and traders. Clean Up • Overpopulation and ___________ have made life along Africa’s water sources difficult. • Some countries in Africa have tried to ___________ by building factories. • Unfortunately, government officials often ___________ that are being flushed into rivers and streams as long as the factories are profitable. © Brain Wrinkles

Environmental Issues CLOZE Notes 3 DEFORESTATION • As Africa’s ___________ and nations try to develop economically, deforestation has become a growing concern. • Deforestation is the process of ___________ to make way for human development. • Deforestation is a major issue in ___________. Logging • A main cause of deforestation in Africa today is ___________. • The ___________ all over the world and helps boost the economy of many African countries. • Unfortunately, the ___________ as a result. Population • Another reason Africans are cutting down so many trees is ___________. • In the last 50 years, Africa’s ___________ to over 1. 2 billion people. • Cities have grown and have ___________ of forests for housing. Rainforest • Many of the rainforests that once ran from Guinea to Cameroon are ___________. • Nigeria is losing its rainforests at the ___________. • The United Nations estimates that Nigeria has now ___________ of its original forests to logging, clearing land for farming, and cutting trees to use as fuel. Effects • As the number of trees shrinks, so does the ___________ produced. • Meanwhile, the amount of harmful ___________ in the air increases. • Less rainforests could also mean ___________. • About one-fourth of all medicines people use come from rainforest plants. • Deforestation also leads to ___________ of both plants and animals. • Crops ___________ , a nutrient-rich layer of dirt. • When trees are cut down, there is ___________ the topsoil in place. • The wind and rain carry away the important nutrients, and the land eventually ___________ necessary for growing crops. • The sun bakes the exposed soil into hard clay, which ___________. © Brain Wrinkles

Environmental Issues CLOZE Notes 4 DESERTIFICATION • The Sahel is one part of Africa that is experiencing severe problems with desertification, the process of ___________ into areas that had formerly been farmland. • As the land is overused, the ___________ and powdery. • The winds coming from the Sahara gradually ___________ away, leaving a barren and rocky land that loses its ability to hold water. Growing Desert • A majority of the desertification is the result of the ___________ rather than climate. • Desertification in Africa is caused by: • ___________ practices. • People ___________ that help hold the soil in place. • Animals being allowed to ___________ in an area and stripping all of the vegetation from the soil. • ___________ & underground water for industrial & home use. Effects • The ___________ of the people living there are clear, but they are destroying major parts of their environment in the process. • Africans who have lived for generations by farming and raising grazing animals are finding they have less and ___________ to them. • The people who live in these areas often ___________. • Many ___________ hoping to find work, but most find only more poverty. Solution? • Some Africans work hard to try to ___________ , to build windbreaks to keep out the sand, and to push the desert back whenever they can. • In many parts of Africa, this has become ___________ , as the desert claims more land each year. • In recent years, the United Nations and the World Food Bank have ___________ of those living in parts of the Sahel. • They have worked to find solutions to help the people survive and ___________. © Brain Wrinkles

Africa’s Environmental Issues Water Pollution & Unequal Distribution, Deforestation, & Desertification © Brain Wrinkles

Water Pollution & Unequal Distribution © Brain Wrinkles

Africa & Water • Water has always been vital to Africa. • The oceans, rivers, & seas that surround and run through Africa have allowed Africans to engage in trade and to have access to the outside world. • The interactions around these bodies of water have enabled certain cities to become thriving centers of commerce. © Brain Wrinkles

Limited Supply • Countries with large river systems have enough water for farming and for people in villages, towns, and cities. • Unfortunately, the majority of Africa has trouble getting enough water for people to survive. • Most African countries have very little clean water for drinking and washing. © Brain Wrinkles

Walk to Water • People who live in rural areas of Africa typically don’t have running water or plumbing in their homes. • Women and children must walk several miles to gather it from a water source. • This has caused serious economic problems for many African countries. © Brain Wrinkles

Poverty • Because fetching water is so timeconsuming, women are unable to work and children don’t have time to go to school. • Lack of education and employment leads to a low GDP and slow economic growth. • Many Africans cannot escape the circle of poverty. © Brain Wrinkles

Drought • Droughts (long periods of very little rainfall) have hurt many parts of Africa. • When the rains do not come, crops wither away and livestock die. • People who live in areas affected by drought often face famine and begin to die of starvation. © Brain Wrinkles

Pollution • Many countries in Africa do not have enough clean water, even the ones that have large rivers. • African countries have the problem of increasing pollution from factories and contamination from animals & human waste. • Industries also contribute to the problem by dumping toxic mining chemicals and industrial wastes into the waters. © Brain Wrinkles

Diseases • Clean water is needed for basic health and sanitation. • Lack of clean water to wash with increases the frequency of skin and eye infections. • People who are not able to have access to clean water are at risk for many water -borne diseases that spread by parasites living in standing water. © Brain Wrinkles

Diseases • Millions of Africans are hospitalized yearly from ingesting unsafe water. • Sick people are unable to work, with negatively impacts the economy. • Also, unclean drinking water is a leading cause of death for thousands of children in Africa. © Brain Wrinkles

Industries • Local industries that depend on water sources for their livelihood have been devastated by water pollution. • Water pollution either kills fish or makes them unsafe to eat. • It can also kill livestock, which destroys the livelihood of herders and traders. © Brain Wrinkles

Clean Up • Overpopulation and poor sanitation regulations have made life along Africa’s water sources difficult. • Some countries in Africa have tried to improve their economies by building factories. • Unfortunately, government officials often ignore the industrial wastes that are being flushed into rivers and streams as long as the factories are profitable. © Brain Wrinkles

Deforestation © Brain Wrinkles

Deforestation • As Africa’s population increases and nations try to develop economically, deforestation has become a growing concern. • Deforestation is the process of forests being destroyed to make way for human development. • Deforestation is a major issue in many African nations. © Brain Wrinkles

Logging • A main cause of deforestation in Africa today is commercial logging. • The timber is exported all over the world and helps boost the economy of many African countries. • Unfortunately, the environment is destroyed as a result. © Brain Wrinkles

Population • Another reason Africans are cutting down so many trees is population growth. • In the last 50 years, Africa’s population has tripled to over 1. 2 billion people. • Cities have grown and have cleared large areas of forests for housing. © Brain Wrinkles

Rainforest • Many of the rainforests that once ran from Guinea to Cameroon are already gone. • Nigeria is losing its rainforests at the fastest rate. • The United Nations estimates that Nigeria has now lost about 55 percent of its original forests to logging, clearing land for farming, and cutting trees to use as fuel. © Brain Wrinkles

Effects • As the number of trees shrinks, so does the amount of oxygen produced. • Meanwhile, the amount of harmful carbon dioxide in the air increases. • Less rainforests could also mean fewer medicines. • About one-fourth of all medicines people use come from rainforest plants. • Deforestation also leads to extinction of species of both plants and animals. © Brain Wrinkles

Effects • Crops grow best in topsoil, a nutrient-rich layer of dirt. • When trees are cut down, there is nothing to hold the topsoil in place. • The wind and rain carry away the important nutrients, and the land eventually loses the nutrients necessary for growing crops. • The sun bakes the exposed soil into hard clay, which leads to desertification. © Brain Wrinkles

Desertification • The Sahel is one part of Africa that is experiencing severe problems with desertification, the process of the desert expanding into areas that had formerly been farmland. • As the land is overused, the soil becomes poor and powdery. • The winds coming from the Sahara gradually blow the dry topsoil away, leaving a barren and rocky land that loses its ability to hold water. © Brain Wrinkles

Growing Desert • A majority of the desertification is the result of the actions of people rather than climate. • Desertification in Africa is caused by: • Poor farming practices. • People cutting down the trees that help hold the soil in place. • Animals being allowed to graze too heavily in an area and stripping all of the vegetation from the soil. • Draining the surface & underground water for industrial & home use. © Brain Wrinkles

Effects • The survival needs of the people living there are clear, but they are destroying major parts of their environment in the process. • Africans who have lived for generations by farming and raising grazing animals are finding they have less and less land available to them. • The people who live in these areas often face starvation and poverty. • Many move into urban areas hoping to find © Brain Wrinkles

Solution? • Some Africans work hard to try to replant trees, to build windbreaks to keep out the sand, and to push the desert back whenever they can. • In many parts of Africa, this has become a losing battle, as the desert claims more land each year. © Brain Wrinkles

Solution? • In recent years, the United Nations and the World Food Bank have come to the aid of those living in parts of the Sahel. • They have worked to find solutions to help the people survive and live a better life. © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: • Print off the following slide for each student. • They should complete the chart while discussing the presentation. • Check answers as a class when finished. If time, have students color their pictures. © Brain Wrinkles

Africa’s Environmental Issues Unequal Distribution Water Pollution & Deforestation Desertification Directions: Complete the chart below with information that you learn during the presentation. If time allows, color your illustrations. CAUSES EFFECTS ILLUSTRATION © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: Political Cartoon Analysis • Print off the Political Cartoon Analysis sheet for each student. • Project the slides with two political cartoons onto the board (or print off several copies for students to share). • Students should choose one of the cartoons and complete the analysis for it. © Brain Wrinkles

Political Cartoon Analysis Directions: Spend some time analyzing the political cartoon, then answer the questions below. Describe what you see in the cartoon. List the objects/people. Which of the objects are symbols? What do you think each symbol means? Describe the action taking place in the cartoon: Explain the message of the cartoon: Who would agree with the cartoon’s message? Why? Who would disagree with the cartoon’s message? Why? © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: Africa Water Bottle • Print off the Africa Water Bottle handout for each student. • The students will design a water bottle to raise awareness about the water crisis in Africa. They should include facts and images to represent water pollution and unequal access to water in Africa. • In the textbox, they will write a description that explains the water bottle’s design. © Brain Wrinkles

Africa Water Bottle Description: Directions: Design a water bottle to raise awareness about the water crisis in Africa. Include facts and images to represent water pollution and unequal access to water in Africa. In the textbox, write a description that explains your water bottle’s design. © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: Environmental Issues Selfies • Print off the Environmental Issues Selfies handout for each student. • The students will “take a selfie” of themselves visiting parts of Africa where deforestation and desertification are occurring. • In the corresponding textbox, they will describe where they are and what they see so that their “followers” are aware of what’s going on in Africa. © Brain Wrinkles

Africa’s Environmental Issues Selfies Directions: It’s time to spread awareness about deforestation and desertification in Africa. Take a selfie of yourself visiting parts of Africa where these issues are occurring. In the corresponding textbox, describe where you are & what you see so that all of your followers are aware of what’s going on in Africa. #deforestation #desertification © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: Comprehension Check • Print off the Comprehension Check handout for each student. (Print front-to-back to save paper. ) • Students will complete the assignment after discussing the presentation. This can also be used as a quiz! © Brain Wrinkles

Africa’s Environmental Issues Comprehension Check 1. What water problems do many African nations face? 2. What do many African women and children have to do in order to get water? 3. What is a drought? 4. What are two major things polluting African waters? 5. Name three problems that result from polluted water: 6. Why do some governments ignore industrial pollution of major rivers? 7. What is one part of Africa that is experiencing major problems with desertification? 8. What are the main causes of desertification in Africa? 9. What is life like for Africans who are forced to leave their farms for major cities? 10. What is the main cause of deforestation in Africa today? 11. What causes the amount of carbon dioxide in the air to increase? 12. Which African country is losing its rainforest the fastest? © Brain Wrinkles

TEACHER INFO: TICKET OUT THE DOOR • Print off the Tweet All About It handout for each student (two-per-page). • © Brain Wrinkles Have students write a tweet/summary of each of the issues (less than 140 characters).

Name: Tweet All About It Write tweets about the environmental issues across the continent of Africa. Keep them short and to the point, but include enough information to prove you understand the event. #Unequalaccesstowater #Waterpollution #Deforestation #Desertification © Brain Wrinkles