African Civilization and Culture African Civilization and Culture

African Civilization and Culture

African Civilization and Culture: Influenced by trade, technology and religion

Label on Africa Map Med. Sea Red Sea Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Nile River Niger R. Zambezi R. Limpopo R. Congo R. Ethiopian Highlands Madagascar Sahara Desert – outline, lightly shade Sahel – “Coastline” Equator Arabian Peninsula Europe - Kingdom of Aksum Asia - Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhay - Zimbabwe

Spread of Islam Trans-Saharan trade allowed for spread of Islam to sub-Saharan Africa. Trade Trans-Saharan trade routes connected Med. Sea & sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa Region of Africa below/south of Sahara Desert Africa 500 B. C. – 1500 A. D. Importance of Family Extended Family = Grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins Clan = All sharing common ancestors Traditional Religion Many believed in one creator, along with Animism = spirits in animals, plants & natural forces Quick Review Map

Kingdom of Aksum – A. D. 300 -700 Location Near Ethiopian highlands, Nile river& Red Sea - Terrace agriculture Trade Major trade kingdom between Rome & India King Ezana King of Aksum – Expanded territory, & adopted Christianity Decline Aksum displaced and declines following Muslim invasion Quick Review Map

Bantu Migrations – 500 B. C. -A. D. 1500 http: //www. eduplace. com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bkf 3/imaps/AC_06_206_bantu. ht ml Bantu = language family 1 st Bantu-speaking lived in West Africa They migrated to South & East Africa Reasons for migrations • Desertification – drying of land • Slash & burn farming depleted soil. • overpopulation

West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai Kingdoms located at edge of Sahara Desert in West Africa Kingdoms grew rich from two major trade items = Gold and Salt! City of Timbuktu was center of learning in West Africa. Site of a large university Islam eventually becomes religion of west African kingdoms. Salt Mines GMS Sahara Desert Gold Mines Mansa Musa • Great Mali King • Famous pilgrimage to Mecca Quick Review Map

Kingdom Zimbabwe and city of Great Zimbabwe – A. D. 1000’s – 1400’s Located in southeast Africa along Indian Ocean coast. Between Zambezi & Limpopo Rivers Location linked inland gold fields & Coastal trade cities Capital city = Great Zimbabwe – center of wealth and prosperity in Southeast Africa Quick Review Map

Major African Language Families

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Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

Sub-Saharan Africa Back

Spread of Islam Africa 500 B. C. – 1500 A. D. Importance of Family Trade Traditional Religion Sub-Saharan Africa

Word Bank Africa Quiz 500 B. C. – 1500 A. D. Match these kingdoms with their locations on the map. 1. ____ Aksum 2. ____ Ghana, Mali, Songhai 3. ____ Zimbabwe 4. Which religion did the Kingdom of Aksum adopt? _________ 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 17. _____ 18. _____ 19. _____ 20. _____ Sahara Desert Niger River Congo River Zambezi River Ezana terrace Hajj Islam Trans-Saharan slash & burn animism Christianity Inter-Africa 11. The kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai depended on which two main trade items. _______ & _______ C Aksum is located between which two trade regions? ___________ Aksum was displaced by the spread of ______ along the east coast of Africa. Who was the most famous king of Aksum? ____________ What farming method did the use to adapt to the landscape? _______ Who was the most famous king of Mali? _________________ For which trip is he best known? _________________ Monotheism Cyrus Mansa Musa Judaism Sub-Saharan B 12. Which of the following cities was known for its major university and being a center of Islamic scholarship? Circle one: Tours, Timbuktu, Uruk 13. The region of Africa south of the Sahara desert? _______________ 14. Which trade kingdom was located on the southeast coast of Africa? ________ A 21. _____ Limpopo River 25. _____ Arabian Peninsula 22. _____ Red Sea 26. _____ Madagascar 23. _____ Nile River 27. _____ Sahel (Label on map) 24. _____ Mediterranean Sea 15. What is the type of religion that believes in spirits in animals, plants, & natural forces? _________ 16. Trade across the Sahara Desert is called _________ Trade.

Africa Quiz 500 B. C. – 1500 A. D. Word Bank Match these kingdoms with their locations on the map. 1. ____ Aksum 2. ____ Ghana, Mali, Songhai 3. ____ Zimbabwe 4. Which religion did the Kingdom of Aksum adopt? _________ 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Aksum is located between which two trade regions? ___________ Aksum was displaced by the spread of ______ along the east coast of Africa. Who was the most famous king of Aksum? ____________ What farming method did the use to adapt to the landscape? _______ Who was the most famous king of Mali? _________________ For which trip is he best known? _________________ 17. _____ 18. _____ 19. _____ 20. _____ Sahara Desert Niger River Congo River Zambezi River 21. _____ Limpopo River 25. _____ Arabian Peninsula 22. _____ Red Sea 26. _____ Madagascar 23. _____ Nile River 27. _____ Sahel (Label on map) 24. _____ Mediterranean Sea Monotheism Cyrus Mansa Musa Judaism Sub-Saharan Ezana terrace Hajj Islam Trans-Saharan slash & burn animism Christianity Inter-Africa 11. The kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai depended on which two main trade items. _______ & _______ 12. Which of the following cities was known for its major university and being a center of Islamic scholarship? Circle one: Tours, Timbuktu, Uruk 13. The region of Africa south of the Sahara desert? _______________ 14. Which trade kingdom was located on the southeast coast of Africa? ________ 15. What is the type of religion that believes in spirits in animals, plants, & natural forces? _________ 16. Trade across the Sahara Desert is called _________ Trade.

Africa 500 B. C. – 1500 A. D.

Kingdom of Aksum – A. D. 300 -700 Location Trade King Ezana Decline

Bantu Migrations – 500 B. C. -A. D. 1500 Reasons for migrations

West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai – 800 -1500

Kingdom Zimbabwe and city of Great Zimbabwe – A. D. 1000’s – 1400’s

Mansa Musa – Great king of Mali; made pilgrimage to Mecca

Great Zimbabwe

Great Zimbabwe Capital city of Zimbabwe

Quick Review Map

Steles of Aksum

Terrace Farming

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Trans-Saharan Trade Routes Through West African Kingdoms Back to Africa Back to salt

Spread of Islam to Sub-Saharan Africa Two Mosques at Timbuktu Back

Remains of great university at Timbuktu Salt comes from the north, gold from the south, and silver from the country of the white men, but the word of God and the treasures of wisdom are only to be found in Timbuktu. An old West African proverb Back

Spread of Islam Throughout Africa Back

Salt Mines Gold Mines Back

Salt Mines Gold Mines Back

Sahara Desert • • • World’s largest desert 3. 5 million square miles Next largest = Arabian – 900, 000 sq. mi. Avg. temp = 86 degrees Hottest months = more the 120’s Highest recorded = 136 degrees Back

Spread of Islam Trans-Saharan trade routes connected Med. Sea & sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa 500 B. C. – 1500 A. D. Importance of Family Extended Family = Clan = All sharing common ancestors Traditional Religion Many believed in one creator, along with Animism = spirits in animals, plants & natural forces

Kingdom Zimbabwe and city of Great Zimbabwe – A. D. 1000’s – 1400’s Located in southeast Africa along Indian Ocean coast. Location linked inland gold fields & Coastal trade cities Capital city = Great Zimbabwe –

Kingdom of Aksum – A. D. 300 -700 Location Trade Major trade kingdom between Rome & India King Ezana King of Aksum – Decline Aksum displaced and declines following Muslim invasion

Mansa Musa's famous hajj (pilgrimage) placed him in history and in the attention of the entire European and Islamic world. About the time that the Aztecs began building Tenochtitlan, the and the Ottoman Turks began the creation of their empire, Mansa Musa began his obligatory hajj to Mecca in 1324 with an impressive company. In his caravan he brought sixty-thousand people dressed in fine silk and eighty camels carrying two tons of gold. Among this throng Mansa Musa had twelve-thousand servants, five hundred of which carried staffs of gold. If this entourage had not caught the attention of the countries he crossed through, his generous giving would. Wherever he went he gave gold to the needy as given is required by a pillar of Islam. In Cairo he gave so much gold that in Egypt its value did not recover for twelve years. Back

Aksum connects Rome and India through trade Back

West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai – 800 - 1500 Kingdoms located at edge of Sahara Desert in ______________ Kingdoms grew rich from two major trade items = ___________! City of Timbuktu was center of learning in West Africa. Site of a ___________eventually becomes religion of __________________ Salt Mines GMS Sahara Desert Gold Mines Mansa Musa • _________ • Famous pilgrimage to _______ Quick Review Map

West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai Kingdoms located at edge of Sahara Desert in ______________ Kingdoms grew rich from two major trade items = ___________! City of Timbuktu was center of learning in West Africa. Site of a ___________eventually becomes religion of __________________ Mansa Musa • _________ • Famous pilgrimage to _______ Quick Review Map