Africa History Early Civilizations Bantu migrations 2000 B

Africa History

Early Civilizations Ø Bantu migrations— 2000 B. C. , Bantu spread from southeastern Nigeria l l l Ø land shortage may have sent them south spreading language, culture Migrations created cultural diversity, but languages link continent forms of Bantu spoken by 120 million Africans today East Africa-Aksum l l Present day Ethiopia in A. D. 100 s Traded with the Eastern Roman Empire and Egypt

Three Trading Empires of West Africa Ø Ghana, Mali, Songhai empires grow on Sahara trade routes (gold, salt) l Taxed traders using their routes Ø Morocco region invades in 1591 taking over the

The Slave Trade Ø Europeans wanted slaves for plantations in Americas Ø In 1400 s, Portugal established a trading port l slave traders exchange guns, goods for captive Africans Ø Many African rulers sold slaves to other Africans, Arabs, Europeans Ø By end of trade in 1870, millions had been taken to Americas, Europe

Colonization Ø Until mid-1800 s, Europeans don’t move far inland Ø 19 th-century Europeans seek African resources l 1884– 85 Berlin Conference divides Africa; African input denied Ø By the early 1900 s most of Africa is divided into European colonies l Exceptions: Liberia and Ethiopia

Effects of Colonization Ø Belgium, France colonize region; most countries independent by 1960 s l l European borders disrupt traditional governments, ethnic regions new governments face diverse populations, corrupt leaders Economic Effects Ø Lost resources; cultural, ethnic oppression of people Ø Little infrastructure or money for transportation, education systems Ø