Africa and the Atlantic World Chapter 26 pages

Africa and the Atlantic World Chapter 26 pages 697 -720

Warm-up 10/30 • Do you know what Santeria is?

Historical Context – 1450 -1750 CE • Islam: North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Swahili coastal states • Trade networks • Sub-Saharan • Indian Ocean basin • Exporting slaves, ivory, gold • American foodstuffs • Cassava (Manioc), maize, peanuts • Leads to population explosion • Increased by 1/3 in just 100 -years • Portuguese • Coastal trading cities • South Africa: Dias 1488, Vasco Da Gama 1499 • Swahili city-states

Atlantic Slave Trade • Between 1650 -1860 CE, approx. 16 million slaves taken to New World (4 -million die) • Europeans buy slaves at coastal cities (Example: Angola) • Coastal African states prosper from slave trade (Example: Kingdom of Kongo) • Middle Passage: ¼ didn’t survive • Triangular Trade • Slaves from Africa to New World • Raw materials to Europe • Manufactured goods to Africa and Americas

Social Impact of Slave Trade - Africa • Loss of labor: 2/3 of slaves were young males • Example: By the late 18 th century women made up 2/3 of the population of Angola • Encouraged warfare between African tribes and states • Introduction of firearms

Social Organization – New World • Plantations and Haciendas • Small numbers of Europeans or Euro. Americans: supervising and governing • Large numbers of Africans or Africa— Americans: physical labor • Cash Crops • Sugar • Tobacco • Later Cotton • Many slave revolts – Maroons • Slavery key to economic development

Cultural Interactions • Creole Languages – blend of African and European • Many African slaves converted to Christianity • Syncretic Faiths (inspired by Christianity): Vodou Haiti, Santeria in Cuba, and Candomble in Brazil • Cuisines: African slaves introduced rice and okra to New World • Gumbo

End of Slavery • Moral = Christianity • Political = American and French Revolutions: “Life, liberty, property” (Locke) • Economic = • Rebellions were costly • Slaves were not always productive • As supply of sugar increased; profits fell. Cost of slavery increased. • Factory wage labor more profitable • Factory workers spent money on consumer goods • More money in trade with Africa than slavery • Slavery abolished by the end of 19 th century in the Americas