Afghanistan Communism USSR USA Cuba Korea Nazis missiles
Afghanistan Communism USSR USA Cuba Korea Nazis missiles policy War containment pact TASK 1 point 2 points 3 points Using the key words create a sentence to get as many points as possible. Answer: Can you summarise the topic so far using as many as the words as possible?
How did Afghanistan lead to the USA and USSR cancel their treaties and agreements? Mastering Securing Developing Assess the impact that Afghanistan had on the USA and USSR Explain why the USSR invaded Afghanistan Identify the key features of the Afghanistan issue
Muslim rebels invasion
Afghanistan was a poor and barren land. But is had an important location! It offered a route between the oil-rich Middle East and the Soviet Union. Afghanistan had been under Soviet influence since 1947 but the USA also gave aid to the country.
Task Complete the table (next slide) using the information on the slides after. Make sure you collect as much SFD as possible! What was the most importance consequence of the Afghanistan War?
Causes USSR invades Reactions
Causes In January in 1979, there was a revolution in the neighbouring town of Iran. The shah (king) was overthrown by fundamentalist Muslims. The revolution was anti-American. In November 1979, 53 US hostages were seized and held for over a year. The Soviets were also worried about this revolution. Afghanistan had an unstable government. In 1979 Hafizullah Amin seized power and named himself president. Amin was a communist, but was not friendly with the Soviet Union. Also he was opposed by Muslim groups in the country. The Soviet Union feared that these Muslim groups would take control of Afghanistan and set up an Islamic state, like they had done in Iran. Large Muslim populations lived in areas of the Soviet Union that bordered Afghanistan – this could have knock-on effects.
USSR invasion Afghanistan suffered greatly in this war, by 1982 some 2. 8 million Afghans had sought asylum in Pakistan, and another 1. 5 million had fled to Iran. The Afghan War quickly settled down into a stalemate (neither side advancing), with more than 100, 000 Soviet troops controlling the cities, larger towns, and major garrisons and the Mjahideen moving with relative freedom throughout the countryside. The USSR failure to implement a sympathetic regime in Afghanistan, in 1988 the Soviet Union signed an accord with the United States, Pakistan, and Afghanistan and agreed to withdraw its troops. The Soviet withdrawal was completed on February 15, 1989, and Afghanistan returned to nonaligned status.
Reactions Brezhnev claimed that: The invasion was needed in order to restore order in Afghanistan. The troops had entered on request of the Afghan government, which wanted protection. The troops would be withdrawn as soon as the situation stabilised. China reacted angrily – it promised to support the Mujaheddin, the Afghan fighters waging guerrilla warfare against the Soviet troops. But the Americans reacted angrily (even though they claimed they had purposefully tricked the Soviets to invade in order to give them ‘their own Vietnam War’. ). Carter described the invasion as a threat to world peace. Actions by the Americans: 1. In January 1980 Carter pulled the USA out of the upcoming Moscow Olympics a. Describing the Soviet Union as an ‘unsuitable state for a festival meant to celebrate peace and good will’. 2. Carter advised the US senate not to confirm the SALT II agreement 3. He sent a US navy task force to the Arabian Sea to protect oil routes out of the Middle East 4. He cut trade between the USA and USSR - the exports of grain, technological goods. . . Soviet Union denounced the USA as an ‘absolutely unreliable partner, whose leadership is capable – at any moment – of cancelling treaties and agreements’. Détente (agreement that the USA and USSR had made previously) had totally collapsed!
How did Afghanistan lead to the USA and USSR cancel their treaties and agreements? Complete the following… 1. Why is Afghanistan important to the USSR? 2. Why did the USSR invade Afghanistan? 3. How did the USA react to the invasion? Did Afghanistan improve or worsen USSR/USA relations? Explain your answer.
Explain the importance of two of the following for the…. A 01 A 02 8 marks x 2 (Identify) One reason why XX was important was… (Describe) This was because… (Impact) This led to… (Link to the question) Therefore, XX was important because… MUST explain TWO of the bullet points! TWO paragraphs for each!
Explain the importance of the Afghanistan Was for USA and USSR relations (8 marks) Success criteria: q Give at least one reason why Afghanistan was important q Explain why the reason is important q Explain the impact that this had on either the USSR or USA q Use the word “importance” q Use connectives e. g. “because”, “therefore”, “this led to” The Afghanistan War made the USSR and Communism look weak. How far do you agree?
Write answer here
Self-Assess Content: q Included why Afghanistan was important to the USSR q Why the USSR invaded Afghanistan q How the USA reacted q How it affected USSR/USA relations q “because” or other connectives q “important” q WOTQ SPa. G: q USSR/USA all capitals q Afghanistan spelt correctly and with a capital
- Slides: 14