AF 1 Beam Physics and Accelerator Education CoConveners

AF 1: Beam Physics and Accelerator Education Co-Conveners Mei Bai (GSI/U. Bonn) Zhirong Huang (SLAC/Stanford) Steve Lund (MSU/USPAS) • Lo. I themes • CPM sessions • Session agenda 9/9/20 Accelerator Frontier Topical Group Conveners Meeting 1

AF 1 themes We would like to • Appreciate the contributions from all Lo. I writers • Organize discussions to clarify and identify R&D concerns, needs, synergies • Summarize and share findings at the Snowmass meeting 04: Physics Limits of Ultimate Beams 01: Education, Diversity and Outreach 04 Dedicated meeting (workshop) ● Invite all Lo. I contributors ● Discuss issues and propose steps Date: Target October (Friday) Venue: online 02: Research 01 03 Center/Facility Discussion forum to clarify needs of test/R&D facilities to support concept R&D, training, and educational needs. 03: Computational Tools & Machine Learning 02 Date: ? Venue: online Co-Org with AF 4, AF 6, etc 9/9/20 Dedicated workshop (joint with AF 4, AF 6, and Aries) to discuss ultimate beam parameters such as energy, intensity, brilliance, beam power on-target allowed by the fundamental laws of physics. Discuss practical limits from engineering and technology. Date: ? Venue: online Co-Org with: AF 4, AF 6, & Aries Accelerator Frontier Topical Group Conveners Meeting Propose joint with Computational Frontier to cover tools extending modeling capabilities, potential ML impacts, education, and more efficient use of resources. Date: ? 2 Co-Org with: Comp Frontier

CPM SESSIONS Dear AF 1 Lo. I submitter, Thank you for your Snowmass Letter of Interest (Lo. I) submitted to the Accelerator Frontier (AF) Topical Group AF 1: Beam Physics, Accelerator Education, Outreach, and Diversity. There will be a Snowmass Community Planning Meeting (CPM) on October 5 -8, 2020 to be held via Zoom Videoconference Software. Your AF 1 Lo. I should fall under one of the four tiers we have put into combined breakout/discussion sessions with other Frontiers and AF Topical groups: 1. 175/A 12, Tuesday Oct 6 11: 30 -12: 30 (CT). To be held jointly with AF 4 Multi-Te. V Colliders and AF 6 Advanced Accelerator Concepts. Focuses on Lo. Is related to the ongoing test facilities and new initiatives. 2. 176/A 10, Tuesday Oct 6 13: 00 -14: 30 (CT). To be held jointly with AF 4 Multi-Te. V Colliders and AF 6 Advanced Accelerator Concepts. Focuses on the Lo. Is related to the grand challenges of beam physics and techniques and the ultimate beams that can be envisioned for the next generation of discovery accelerators including multi-Te. V colliders. 3. 64, Computing needs of the Accelerator Frontier, Tuesday Oct 6 15: 00 -16: 00 (CT), Will be led by the Computational Frontier and will cover AF 1 Lo. Is related to computational and machine learning topics. 4. 119, Community Engagement Across the Frontiers, Wednesday Oct 7 11: 00 -12: 30 (CT). To be held jointly with the Community Engagement Frontier Topical Groups Comm. F 1 -F 4. Focuses on Education, Outreach, and Diversity topics. Please attend breakout sessions relating to your Lo. I submission(s) and interests. There will also be an AF 1 summary breakout session (TBD) which we will use to briefly summarize developments relating to the four sessions above. 3

175/A 12 draft agenda (60 minutes) • • GARD test facilities (Vitaly Yakimenko, 10 minutes) International facilities (Ralph Assmann, 10 minutes) Universities (Ritchie Patterson, 10 minutes) New initiatives – Cbeta (Georg Hoffstaetter, 5 minutes) – UMER like (E. Nissen, 5 minutes) – … • Panel discussions of what’s missing (led by AF 1/4/6 conveners, 20 minutes)

AF 10 Agenda Proposal • A total of 90 mins in 3 sessions • Session 1: Grand challenges: • 1 min: Mei: welcome and overview of Lo. Is in A 10 • 7 mins Sergei Nagaitsev/Zhirong: Grand challenges • 5 mins Gennedy: Advanced beam cooling • 5 mins Grigory: Accelerator technology development at Russia • 12 mins Discussion: R&D strategy: beam diagnostics, high intensity proton driver • Session 2: Challenges for future ultimate colliders • 6 mins Palmer: Overview of future multi-Te. V collider Lo. Is • 10 mins: Zimmermann: The grand challenges of the ultimate high energy colliders • 14 mins: Discussion: R&D strategy and plan • Session 3: advanced techniques and concepts • 5 mins Alec G. R. Thomas: advanced acceleration concepts: PWA • 5 mins Philippe Piot: advanced acceleration concepts: SWA • 5 mins Giuseppe Torrisi: Advanced acceleration concepts: DLA • 10 mins Discussion 9/25/20 Accelerator Frontier Topical Group Conveners Meeting 5

Accelerators for Neutrinos Working Group • Co-Conveners Gianluigi Arduini CERN • Robert Zwaska FNAL John Galambos ORNL Short Description Taking as input the anticipated needs of particle physics and the requirements for neutrino beams in terms of energy, flux, temporal and spatial characteristics, this group will discuss: • • • The proton (or other) beam requirements to meet the neutrino physics community needs The capability of existing or planned accelerator facilities to satisfy the above requirements, and If not: the necessary upgrades or new facilities. Enabling R&D, technologies, and test facilities necessary to develop upgrades and new facilities. Accelerator Frontier Meeting 6

Recent Activities • Met with NF 09 (Artificial neutrino Sources) conveners – NF 09 proposed experiments should drive AF 02 needs – NF 09 already has several categories of experiments that we can roughly match accelerator requirements to • Present NF 09 LOI input focus is on near term activities – NF 09 will work to identify longer term physics needs • Use to identify accelerator R&D needs • E. g. neutrino factory – Use CPM joint session as an initial transfer of experimental requirements Snowmass all conveners meeting 7

LOI input Facility or project Description CERN SNS Energies from 1. 4 to 450 Ge. V, up to 0. 5 MW, 0. 17 -0. 8 Hz 2. 8 MW 1. 3 Ge. V, 60 Hz short pulse p SNS US-Japan collaboration High power target R&D High field magnet development 2. 5 Me. V high intesnity p beamline high power accelerator / beamline R&D Multi MW target development Magnets for high power applications ISIS upgrades ESS H- Options Fermilab RCS @ 2. 4 MW FNAL 8 Gev Linac FNAL 800 Me. V Storage Ring Low energy neutrino source LBNL/Dune precision beam timing 1. 25 MW RCS or FFA H- upgrade of ESS linac with rings 2. 4 MW 120 Ge. V p synchrotrons 8 Gev H- linac and rings. Injection and accumulator ring Fixed target 1 Ge. V p beam @ FNAL High frequency RF bunch structure Iso. DAR cyclotron MW p recycling superconducting linac Nu. Strom Muon collider collaboration 60 Me. V cyclotron 2 -8 Ge. V, multiple MW neutrinos from muons Fixed Field Accelerator Existing facilities R&D / Test stands Proposed projects/upgrades Proposed new facilities Snowmass all conveners meeting 8

LOIs • 15 unique submitted LOIs – Mix of facilities, concepts, and technologies – All look reasonable at first glance • Missing – Facilities: FNAL – Concepts: Need to generate ideas Snowmass all conveners meeting 9

Near-Term Plans • Process LOIs into categories – facility focus first – Fill in the holes and solicit new areas (tehcnologies) • Continue dialogue with NF 09 conveners – After CPM • CPM parallel session on requirements joint with NF 09 – Listen to experiments / develop plans • AF 2 Town Hall post CPM – Anticipate a two-day workshop in the spring Snowmass all conveners meeting 10

AF 3 #129 - cross frontier on Higgs factories. This is almost ready. Just seeking confirmation from one more AF speaker on ERL-based colliders. #183 intermediate energies. This is also almost ready, thanks to Dima. #180 SRF and magnets for Higgs. Just started. 5/27/2020 Snowmass AF 7: Accelerator Technology R&D Subgroup Targets/Sources 11

Accelerator Frontier Working Group 4 Multi-Te. V Colliders MULTITEV-SNOWMASS 21@fnal. gov Mark Palmer mpalmer@bnl. gov Nadia Pastrone pastrone@to. infn. it Jingyu Tang tangjy@ihep. ac. cn Alexander Valishev valishev@fnal. gov for the Snowmass Young Accelerator Frontier Marlene Turner September 17, 2020 AF 4 marleneturner@lbl. gov 12

AF 4 General Notes • Co-conveners meet weekly • We are following up on missing parameters in the summary table. – Cases with CRD’s are straightforward – If we miss things, we will fill them with old sets from ~2013. • CPM blocks/sessions and conveners: – Mark is co-convening session 26 (EF) - Energy Frontier discovery machines (> 1 Te. V) – Nadia – 175 Accelerator research centers and test facilities – Sasha – 178 Common accelerator goals/technology at the energy frontier – Jingyu – 180 SRF and magnets for the higgs September 17, 2020 AF 4 13

Session 26 – Energy Frontier Discovery Machines Agenda is now confirmed: • • • Hadron and lepton-hadron colliders with energies above 3 Te. V – ~15 minutes, F. Zimmerman Physics potential of hadron and hadron-lepton colliders with energies above 3 Te. V – ~20 minutes, L. Wang Lepton and gg colliders with energies above 3 Te. V – ~15 minutes, D. Schulte Physics potential of lepton and gg colliders with energies above 3 Te. V – ~20 minutes, P. Meade Summary and plans for 2021 Snowmass meeting – 10 minutes – Meenakshi Narain

Session 174 (AF 10) – Physics Limits of Ultimate Beams • Agenda largely in place: – See slides from AF 1, Mei Bai

Session 178 - Common accelerator goals/technology at the energy frontier This session A 16 should focus on technical issues that are relevant for Higgs factories (for AF 3) which can be relevant for the energy frontier (for AF 4). • For example, the ILC is an important part of AF 3, and the potential to bring SRF to higher gradients can be relevant for AF 4. However, there is already A 22 which will discuss SRF for AF 4. • Another interesting topics is the FCC-ee solutions and their energy limits, including the ERL option. But there is already A 26 for energy limiting technology and A 18 for intermediate energies. • We seek input to find a unique niche for A 16. September 17, 2020 AF 4 16

AF 5 CPM Preparations Eric Prebys, UC Davis Mike Lamont, CERN Richard Milner, MIT

AF 5 Lo. Is • Tagged AF 5: – – – – Dark Sector, beam based, facility: Dark Sector/axion, cosmic: Dark Sector, beam based, parasitic: Rare processes: Technology: EDM: Nuclear: Total: 13 5 4 4 4 2 1 33 • Additional Lo. Is that probably should have been tagged AF 5 – – – – RF 6: RF 5: CF 2: RF 3: NF 3: EF 9: CF 1: Total: • Grand total Convenors' Meeting, September 9, 2020 19 9 6 4 1 1 1 41 74 E. Prebys, AF 5 18

Commitments to CPM • 127: Searches for dark sectors (T, 10/6, 14: 00 -16: 00) – Divided into four subtopics • Direct searches CF 1/CF 2 Stefania Gori will give overview talk of • Energy-frontier searches AF/EF/NF/RF RF/AF 5 needs • Intensity-frontier searches AF/EF/NF/RF • Gravitational wave and other astro/cosmo probes CF 5/TF 9. • 44: New accelerator concepts for high intensity muon beams, with Bertrand Echenard (W, 10/7, 13: 00 -14: 00) – Muon Opportunities at PIP-II – E. Prebys – Synergy with Muon Collider R&D – D. Neuffer – Muons at PSI and other cyclotrons – Angela Papa Convenors' Meeting, September 9, 2020 E. Prebys, AF 5 19

• 173. AF 5 organization with contributors (T, 10/6, 13: 30 -14: 30) – Organizing short presentations from Lo. I contributors • 181. Technology for rare searches (magnets, RF) (T, 10/6. 13: 30 -14: 00 – Discussed with Sasha Zlobin and Sam Posen and agreed to absorb into 173. • Major worries? – None Convenors' Meeting, September 9, 2020 E. Prebys, AF 5 20

Accelerator Frontier 6: Advanced Accelerator Concepts AF 6 “goal”: • • • Assess potential for new accelerator technologies to revolutionize cost and capability of future accelerators for frontier High Energy Physics Capacity for orders of magnitude higher acceleration gradient than conventional systems enabling new types of high energy colliders including energies at and beyond Te. V. Consistent with collider luminosity and efficiency requirements Generation of beams with unprecedented parameters (ultrahigh brightness), enabling novel intermediate applications Identify challenges and capability gaps that new acceleration methods could address AF 6 Conveners Cameron Geddes Lawrence Berkeley National Lab cgrgeddes@lbl. gov 9/23/2020 Mark Hogan SLAC National Accelerator Lab hogan@slac. stanford. edu Pietro Musumeci University of California, Los Angeles musumeci@physics. ucla. edu Snowmass AF 6 Ralph Assmann Deutsches Elektronen. Sychrotron ralph. assmann@desy. de 21

Workshop Agenda for Sept 23 -24 https: //indico. fnal. gov/event/45651/ 22

AF 6 to date Recent AF 6 activities: o AF 6 Workshop September 23 -24, 2020 o Chance for all LOI’s ‘to be heard’ o Two-full days! o https: //indico. fnal. gov/event/45651/ o Organization for CPM sessions ongoing – most conflicts resolved but will need to split to cover everything o Organization of 182, 183, 186, 187, 188 ongoing – no issues o After AF 6 Meeting 10/2/20 will use mailing list to get AF 6 interested parties to sessions we have identified as potentially interesting o AF 6 mailing list created and many sign-ups. To sign up email to listserv@fnal. gov with a blank subject and with the body of the message consisting of the text: SUBSCRIBE SNOWMASS-AF-06 -AAC firstname lastname

Accelerator Frontier [7] “Targets/Sources” AF 7: Accelerator Technology R&D Subgroup Targets/Sources • https: //snowmass 21. org/accelerator/technology/start Conveners • Charlotte Barbier (ORNL), barbiercn@ornl. gov • Frederique Pellemoine (FNAL), fpellemo@fnal. gov • Yine Sun (ANL), yinesun@anl. gov 9/9/2020 Snowmass AF 7: Accelerator Technology R&D Subgroup Targets/Sources 24

Targets/Sources: Update • Kickoff meeting on 09/28: – – LOIs were discussed CPM participation was reiterated Planning of future Workshops were discussed Discuss CPM Kickoff went well and the community agrees with our workshops strategy • CPM update: – Not many LOIs authors registered yet – Planning to send more reminders 9/30/2020 Snowmass AF 7: Accelerator Technology R&D Subgroup Targets/Sources 25

Targets/Sources: Workshops Sources workshops • High Current High Brightness Electron Sources : • Cathode • Gun • Injectors • High Intensity Positron Sources / Muon Sources • Positron sources for e+e-/ μ+μ- collider projects (ILC, CLIC, Super. KEKB, FCC-ee, LEMMA, etc. ) • Polarization; • High intensity (orders of magnitude higher than existing positron sources) • Positron μ± (e. g. LEMMA) • Protons muon (MAP Muon source for Muon Collider Collaboration) • Heavy Ion Sources • Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources(ECRISs) • Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) 9/30/2020 Targets workshops • Advanced in Material Science: • Irradiation Facilities • PIE • Novel Materials • Advanced in Modelling and Instrumentation • Validation • HPC, ML • Physics and incorporation • New technologies • Remote handling • New fabrication technique for targets • New target designs Snowmass AF 7: Accelerator Technology R&D Subgroup Targets/Sources 26

Accelerator Frontier 7: Accelerator Technology R&D RF Subtopical Group • We identified 78 LOIs that apply to AF 7 -RF • It looks like good coverage of the AF 7 -RF topics that we expected, though we think it may be a little light on “asks” e. g. future test facilities • We have divided LOIs into 7 categories • Category with the most LOIs listing AF 7 as primary is “cavity performance frontier” • We emailed the LOI main authors with information • We are making plans for mini-workshops for some but not all of these categories 5/27/2020 Snowmass AF 7 - RF 27

Accelerator Frontier 7: Accelerator Technology R&D RF Subtopical Group 5/27/2020 Snowmass AF 7 - RF 28

AF 7: Accelerator Technology – Subgroup Magnets Goal Address the potential contributions of magnet technology to future HEP facilities, the R&D required to enable these opportunities, the time and cost scales of these efforts, and the needs for associated fabrication infrastructure and test facilities. Conveners Susana Izquierdo Bermudez CERN 9/30/2020 Gian. Luca Sabbi LBNL Alexander Zlobin FNAL 29

AF 7 -Magnets: Lo. Is • 50 Lo. Is: 5 from Asia, 11 from Europe, 34 from the US Materials and Technologies Machines – Excel spreadsheet uploaded to https: //indico. fnal. gov/category/1118/ 9/30/2020 Category System U. S. Hadron collider Arc D/Q/corr, IR Q/D, Misc. magnets 9 (FCChh, HE-LHC, Spp. C, etc. ) Linear collider IR, undulators, etc. 1 (ILC, CLIC, etc. ) Muon collider SR and IR, muon production and cooling 2 Lepton-hadron collider SR and IR, other systems (LHe. C, FCCeh, EIC, etc. ) High Intensity Proton Source Fast cycling magnets Gamma-Gamma Undulators 1 Dark Matter, Detectors Large aperture dipole detectors Superconducting and structural Wires, cables, insulation, magnetic materials 9 materials Magnetic and mechanical structures, protection, Magnet technologies fabrication, instrumentation, measurements and tests, 8 cost Magnet cooling, accelerator Cryostat, heat transfer and removal, quench cryogenics protection, cost Test Facilities Magnets, cryogenics, instrumentation, test cost 4 Snowmass AF 7 -Magnets EU Asia 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 30

Preparation to CPM • Next step: to discuss the process of WPs preparation and discussion • AF Magnets session is scheduled for Wednesday Oct 7, 2020 at 1: 00 PM for 60 min • Agenda (in progress): – Lo. I status – proposed work organization towards WPs – QA • Participation: email will be send to ~150 recipients – AF 7 -Magnets email list which includes the Lo. Is co-authors, magnet groups in U. S. , Europe and Asia, – conveners of AF 1 -6 sub-groups or their representatives – Young scientists sub-group? – link to the CPM https: //indico. fnal. gov/event/44870/overview with reminder to register – Link to the AF 7 -Magnets session agenda and materials https: //indico. fnal. gov/event/44870/sessions/16265/#20201007 9/30/2020 Snowmass AF 7 -Magnets 31

CPM sessions of interest We will be interested also to attend the following sessions Tuesday, October 6: • • #4, Accelerator Frontier (11 am) #129: Higgs factories (11: 30 am) #175 Research centers and test facilities for future accelerators (11: 30 am) #131, Physics requirements for HEP colliders (12: 30 pm) #180 SRF and magnets for Higgs factories (1 pm) #54, Machine-Detector interface for future colliders (1: 30 pm) #64, Computing needs for the Accelerator Frontier (3 pm) #178 Common accelerator goals/technology at the energy frontier (3: 30 pm) Wednesday, October 7: • • • #189, AF/Magnets Organization (1 pm) #26, Energy Frontier discovery machines (1 pm) 1119, HEP Workforce, Careers, and Training (1 pm) #57, Connections with industry (1 pm) #204, Accelerator Frontier planning (3 pm) We are contacting the organizers to understand the plans and how we could contribute 9/30/2020 Snowmass AF 7 -Magnets 32