Aeneid I 1 207 Arma virumque cano Troiae

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Aeneid I. 1 -207

Aeneid I. 1 -207

 • Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque

• Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto • vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram; multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem, 5 • • inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum, Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae. • Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso, quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus • insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores 10 impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae? • invocation of the muse in line 8 • laedo, laedere, laesi, laesus = wound • numine laeso is ablative absolute (noun and participle in ablative translated “with…”) • insignis, -e = distinguished/ conspicuous • impello, impellere, impuli, impuslsus = strike/ force • rhetorical question in line 11 • • Arma (armum, armi) is a metonymy (the use of one word to suggest another) for warfare profugus, -a, -um = exiled/ fugitive multum is adverb iactatus is perfect passive participle (4 th prin part = having been…) vis, vis (f) = force; vi is ablative of means memorem modifying iram is an example of transferred epithet (an adjective modifying one noun for emphasis when it more logically goes with another noun) condo, condere, condidi, conditus = found/ establish unde = from where polysyndeton (run-on with conjunctions) in lines 6 -7 altae with Romae another transferred epithet

 • tenuere is syncopated tenuerunt • studium, studii = enthusiasm/ zeal • asper,

• tenuere is syncopated tenuerunt • studium, studii = enthusiasm/ zeal • asper, aspera, -um = harsh/ severe • fertur (ln 15) = is said • magis, comp adv = more • terris omnibus is abl of comparison • posthabita Samo is abl abs • posthabeo, -ere, -ui, -itus = place after/ esteem less progeniem… audierat is indirect statement with • lines 16 -17 contain example a passive infinitive of anaphora (repetition of word in successive clauses audierat is understood with duci, venturum for emphasis) [esse], and volvere • currus, currus = chariot verteret is imperfect subjunctive in relative clause inside indirect statement • sino, sinere, sivi, situs = permit/ allow hinc = from here • iam tum = even now esse is understood with venturum (future infinitive in indirect statement) excidium, excidii = destruction Urbs antiqua fuit, Tyrii tenuere coloni, Karthago, Italiam contra Tiberinaque longe ostia, dives opum studiisque asperrima belli; quam Iuno fertur terris magis omnibus unam 15 posthabita coluisse Samo; hic illius arma, hic currus fuit; hoc regnum dea gentibus esse, si qua fata sinant, iam tum tenditque fovetque. Progeniem sed enim Troiano a sanguine duci audierat, Tyrias olim quae verteret arces; 20 hinc populum late regem belloque superbum venturum excidio Libyae: sic volvere Parcas. • • •

Id metuens, veterisque memor Saturnia belli, prima quod ad Troiam pro caris gesserat Argis—

Id metuens, veterisque memor Saturnia belli, prima quod ad Troiam pro caris gesserat Argis— necdum etiam causae irarum saevique dolores 25 exciderant animo: manet alta mente repostum iudicium Paridis spretaeque iniuria formae, et genus invisum, et rapti Ganymedis honores. His accensa super, iactatos aequore toto Troas, reliquias Danaum atque immitis Achilli, 30 arcebat longe Latio, multosque per annos errabant, acti fatis, maria omnia circum. Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem! • • • • metuens is present participle Saturnia is patronymic for Juno necdum = not yet etiam = even/ alsp excido, excidere = fall from repono, reponere, reposui, repositus = put back/ store up/ bury “His” in line 29 is abl of means with super His followed by super is an example of anastrophe (inversion of the natural word order usually with prepositions for emphasis) immitis, -e = fierce/ cruel arceo, arcere, arcui = keep off a little alliteration in line 31 another example of anastrophe in line 32 moles, molis (f) = mass/ burden

Vix e conspectu Siculae telluris in altum vela dabant laeti, et spumas salis aere

Vix e conspectu Siculae telluris in altum vela dabant laeti, et spumas salis aere ruebant, 35 cum Iuno, aeternum servans sub pectore volnus, haec secum: 'Mene incepto desistere victam, nec posse Italia Teucrorum avertere regem? Quippe vetor fatis. Pallasne exurere classem Argivum atque ipsos potuit submergere ponto, 40 unius ob noxam et furias Aiacis Oilei? Ipsa, Iovis rapidum iaculata e nubibus ignem, disiecitque rates evertitque aequora ventis, illum expirantem transfixo pectore flammas turbine corripuit scopuloque infixit acuto. 45 • • Aiacis Oilei = Ajax, son of Oilei, Gk leader who in the sack of Troy had taken Priam’s daughter Cassandra by force from the sanctuary of Minerva, not to be confused with the better known Ajax, son of Telamon disicio, disicere, disieci, disiectus = scatter ratis, -is (f) = ship polysyndeton in line 43 transfixo pectore is abl abs turbo, turbinis (m) = whirlwind scopulus, -i = rock/ crag • • • • tellus, telluris (f) = land velum, veli = sail/ covering laeti is substantive vela, salis, and aere can all be interpreted as metonymy, possibly synechdoche spuma, spumae = foam spumas salis an example of alliteration Notice how the story line begins in medias res [dixit] is understood in the beginning of line 37 inceptum, incepti = beginning/ undertaking quippe = indeed fatis (ln 39) is actually dative of agent used with a passive verb exuro, exurere, exussi, exustus = burn up Argivum is syncopated form of Argivorum, “of the Argives”; Argive is another name for Greek noxa, noxae = crime/ fault

Ast ego, quae divum incedo regina, Iovisque et soror et coniunx, una cum gente

Ast ego, quae divum incedo regina, Iovisque et soror et coniunx, una cum gente tot annos bella gero! Et quisquam numen Iunonis adoret praeterea, aut supplex aris imponet honorem? ‘ Talia flammato secum dea corde volutans 50 nimborum in patriam, loca feta furentibus austris, Aeoliam venit. Hic vasto rex Aeolus antro luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat. Illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis 55 circum claustra fremunt; celsa sedet Aeolus arce sceptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras. • note the combination of alliteration and onomatopoeia in line 55 • claustrum, claustri = barrier • celsus, -a, -um = lofty/ high • mollio, mollire, mollivi, mollitus = soothe/ tame • ast is the same as at • divum is syncopated form of divorum • incedo, incedere, incessi, incessus = proceed • quiscam, quaecam, quicquam = anyone/ anything • adoro, -are = worship • praeterea = hereafter • fetus, - a, -um = pregnant; this, followed by several examples of personification • notice the alliteration in line 51 and later in line 55 • Auster, Austri = South Wind • antrum, antri = cave • luctor, luctari, luctatus sum = wrestle • viclis et carcere can be interpreted as hendiadys; it reads “chains and prison” but could be subordinated “chains of prison”

Ni faciat, maria ac terras caelumque profundum quippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras.

Ni faciat, maria ac terras caelumque profundum quippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras. Sed pater omnipotens speluncis abdidit atris, 60 hoc metuens, molemque et montes insuper altos imposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certo et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas. Ad quem tum Iuno supplex his vocibus usa est: 'Aeole, namque tibi divum pater atque hominum rex 65 et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere vento, gens inimica mihi Tyrrhenum navigat aequor, Ilium in Italiam portans victosque Penates: incute vim ventis submersasque obrue puppes, aut age diversos et dissice corpora ponto. 70 • • • notice the alliteration in line 69 obruo, obruere, obrui, obrutus = overwhelm puppis, puppis (f) = stern submersas puppes is an example of prolepsis (anticipation of something that has not yet happened) diversos as substantive is also an example of prolepsis dissicio, dissicere, dissieci, dissiectus = scatter/ disperse • ni = if not • faciat is present subjunctive in a conditional (w. E EAt c. Av. IAr); this is followed by ferat and verrant all pres subj in the cond • verro, verrere, verri, versus = sweep • spelunca, speluncae = cave • abdo, abdere, abdidi, abditus = put away/ hide • alliteration and hendiadys in line 61 foedus, foederis (n) = agreement/ treaty • laxus, -a, -um = loose • habena, -ae = rein • mulceo, mulcere, mulsi, mulsus = soothe • incutio, incutere, incussi, incussus = strike

Sunt mihi bis septem praestanti corpore nymphae, quarum quae forma pulcherrima Deiopea, conubio iungam

Sunt mihi bis septem praestanti corpore nymphae, quarum quae forma pulcherrima Deiopea, conubio iungam stabili propriamque dicabo, omnis ut tecum meritis pro talibus annos exigat, et pulchra faciat te prole parentem. ' 75 Aeolus haec contra: 'Tuus, O regina, quid optes explorare labor; mihi iussa capessere fas est. Tu mihi, quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra Iovemque concilias, tu das epulis accumbere divum, nimborumque facis tempestatumque potentem. ' 80 • quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque = whoever/ whatever • concilio, -are = win over/ unite • epulae, epularum = banquet/ feast; dat after compound accumbere • divum is syncopated form of divorum • praestans, praestantis = outstanding • proprius, -a, -um = one’s own • exigo, exigere, exegi, exactus = finish out/ complete • notice the alliteration in line 75 • opto, optare = desire/ choose • exploro, -are = examine/ search out • capesso, capessere, capessivi, capessitus = undertake/ perform • fas est = it is right • notice the anaphora in line 78

 • Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversa cuspide montem impulit in latus: ac venti,

• Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversa cuspide montem impulit in latus: ac venti, velut agmine facto, • • qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant. Incubuere mari, totumque a sedibus imis • una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis 85 • Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus. • Insequitur clamorque virum stridorque rudentum. • Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque • Teucrorum ex oculis; ponto nox incubat atra. • Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether, 90 • praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem. • • • Notus, -i = South Wind creber, crebra, crebrum = frequent/ crowded Africus, -i = Southwest Wind stridor, stridoris (m) = creaking rudens, rudentis (m) = rope caelumque diemque another example of hendiadys incubo, incubare = lies upon intonuere is syncopated polus, -i = pole/ sky mico, micare, micui = flash intento, -are = threaten • • • notice the alliteration in line 81, and then later in lines 83 and 86, perhaps in combination with onamotopoeia cuspis, cuspidis (f) = point of a spear also, notice the chiasmus (abba) sequence in line 81 impello, impellere, impuli, impulsus = strike latus, lateris (n) = side velut = just like (introduces simile) agmine facto is abl abs, same with data porta qua in line 83 adverbial meaning where perflo, perflare = blow incubuere, syncopated incubuerunt mari is dat after compound incubuere notice the polysyndeton in line 85 and later inline 87 and 88 taking in so many things happening at once imus, -a, -um = inmost Eurus, -i = East Wind

Extemplo = immediately duplex, duplicis = double/ both beatus, -a , -um = blessed

Extemplo = immediately duplex, duplicis = double/ both beatus, -a , -um = blessed contingo, contingere, contigi, contactus = touch/ befall oppeto, oppetere, oppetivi, oppetitus = encounter meet [understood here as death] Danaus, -i = Danaan (another name for the Greeks • Tydides, -ae (m) = son of Tydeus (patronymic)/ Notice the chiasmus in line 98 Diomedes, who fought notice the anaphora and asyndeton (run-on against Aeneas in single w/o conjunctions) in lines 99 -100 combat before Troy and would have killed him had corripio, corripere, corripui, correptus = Venus not spirited her son snatch up away scutum, -i = shield • Me (ln 97) is the object of galea, -ae = helmet potuisse, an inf in an exclamatory question • Extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra: • ingemit, et duplices tendens ad sidera palmas talia voce refert: 'O terque quaterque beati, quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis 95 • • contigit oppetere! O Danaum fortissime gentis Tydide! Mene Iliacis occumbere campis non potuisse, tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra, • saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis 100 • scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit? ' • • •

 • Talia iactanti is abl abs Talia iactanti stridens Aquilone procella • procella,

• Talia iactanti is abl abs Talia iactanti stridens Aquilone procella • procella, -ae = blast/ gale velum adversa ferit, fluctusque ad sidera tollit. • ferio, ferire = strike Franguntur remi; tum prora avertit, et undis dat latus; insequitur cumulo praeruptus aquae mons. 105 Hi summo in fluctu pendent; his unda dehiscens • Notice the hyperbole in line terram inter fluctus aperit; furit aestus harenis. 103, and then later in line 105 • remus, remi = oar Tris Notus abreptas in saxa latentia torquet— • prora, -ae = prow saxa vocant Itali mediis quae in fluctibus aras— dorsum immane mari summo; tris Eurus ab alto 110 • praeruptus, -a, um = steep • dehisco, dehiscere, dehivi = in brevia et syrtes urget, miserabile visu, gape inliditque vadis atque aggere cingit harenae. • aestus, aestus = boiling (suge)/ • • • agitation brevis, -is, e = short/ shallow syrtis, syrtis (f) = sandbar/ reef urgeo, urgere, ursi = drive/ force/ press inlido, inlidere, inlisi, inlisus = dash against vadum – i = shallow/ shoal (in dat after compound inlidit) agger, aggeris (m) = mound/ wall/ bank

 • excutio, excutere, excussi, excussus = cast off/ shake out magister, magistri =

• excutio, excutere, excussi, excussus = cast off/ shake out magister, magistri = master/ pilot voro, -are = swallow gurges, gurgitis (m) = abyss/ whirlpool gaza, -ae = treasure notice the anaphora in lines 120 and 121 grandaevus, -a, -um = aged • laxis… compagibus = abl abs • compages, compagis (f) = joint/ fastening • imber, imbris (m) = rain/ flood • rima, -ae = crack • fatisco, fatiscere = split/ gape Unam, quae Lycios fidumque vehebat Oronten, ipsius ante oculos ingens a vertice pontus in puppim ferit: excutitur pronusque magister 115 • volvitur in caput; ast illam ter fluctus ibidem torquet agens circum, et rapidus vorat aequore vortex. • Adparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto, • arma virum, tabulaeque, et Troia gaza per undas. Iam validam Ilionei navem, iam fortis Achati, 120 • et qua vectus Abas, et qua grandaevus Aletes, • vicit hiems; laxis laterum compagibus omnes accipiunt inimicum imbrem, rimisque fatiscunt. •

Notice how line 124 echoes line 55; again use of alliteration and onamotopoeia lines

Notice how line 124 echoes line 55; again use of alliteration and onamotopoeia lines 124, 125, and 126 contain indirect statements; esse is understood with emissam, and also later with refusa stagnum, -i = stillness Notice the chiasmus in line 127, and again in line 128 • The break off in line 135 is known as • latuere is syncopated aposiopesis; instead of completing the sentence • scansion for line 131 the speaker breaks off abruptly, being works only when dehinc is emotionally beyond the power of adequate compressed to one expression, and leaves to the imagination just what sort of dire punishment he may inflict syllable, a metrical phenomenon known as • praesto, praestare, praestiti, praestitus = be synizesis better • fiducia, -ae = confidence/ trust • Interea magno misceri murmure pontum, emissamque hiemem sensit Neptunus, et imis 125 stagna refusa vadis, graviter commotus; et alto prospiciens, summa placidum caput extulit unda. • Disiectam Aeneae, toto videt aequore classem, fluctibus oppressos Troas caelique ruina, nec latuere doli fratrem Iunonis et irae. 130 Eurum ad se Zephyrumque vocat, dehinc talia fatur: 'Tantane vos generis tenuit fiducia vestri? Iam caelum terramque meo sine numine, venti, • miscere, et tantas audetis tollere moles? • Quos ego—sed motos praestat componere fluctus. 135

Post mihi non simili poena commissa luetis. Maturate fugam, regique haec dicite vestro: non

Post mihi non simili poena commissa luetis. Maturate fugam, regique haec dicite vestro: non illi imperium pelagi saevumque tridentem, sed mihi sorte datum. Tenet ille immania saxa, vestras, Eure, domos; illa se iactet in aula 140 Aeolus, et clauso ventorum carcere regnet. ' Sic ait, et dicto citius tumida aequora placat, collectasque fugat nubes, solemque reducit. Cymothoe simul et Triton adnixus acuto detrudunt naves scopulo; levat ipse tridenti; 145 et vastas aperit syrtes, et temperat aequor, atque rotis summas levibus perlabitur undas. • detrudo, detrudere, detrusi, detrusus = push off/ dislodge • levo, -are = lift/ raise • ipse (ln 145) refers to Neptune • rota, -ae = wheel • Notice the synchysis (ABAB) in line 147 • perlabor, perlabi, perlapsus sum = glide over • • • non simili poena = by no similar punishment, an under exaggeration meant to mean that the punishment will be great, a figure of speech known as litotes luo, luere = atone for/ pay maturo, -are = hasten/ hurry lines 138 -139 contain an indirect statement; esse is understood with datum iactet (ln 140) is present subjunctive, meaning “let [him]…”, same with regnet in 141 clauso… carcere is abl abs dicto (ln 142) is abl of comp with citius as comp adv (-ius) tumidus, -a, -um = swollen fugo, -are = put to flight Cymothoe is a sea nymph; Triton is a half-man/ half-fish son of Neptune who carries a conch shell adnito, adniti, adnisus sum (adnixus sum) = strive/ lean against

 • Ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est seditio, saevitque animis

• Ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est seditio, saevitque animis ignobile volgus, • iamque faces et saxa volant—furor arma ministrat; 150 tum, pietate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quem • conspexere, silent, arrectisque auribus adstant; ille regit dictis animos, et pectora mulcet, — • sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, aequora postquam prospiciens genitor caeloque invectus aperto 155 • flectit equos, curruque volans dat lora secundo. • Defessi Aeneadae, quae proxima litora, cursu contendunt petere, et Libyae vertuntur ad oras. • • • veluti = just as (introduces a simile) coorior, cooriri, coortus sum = arise ignobilis, -e = inglorious/ common Notice the presonification in line 150 quem in line 151 means “any” conspexere in line 152 is syncopated Notice the alliteration and the ablative absolute in line 152 synchysis in line 155 lorum –i = rein/ leather strap secundus, -um = following/ favorable/ obedient Aeneadae = followers of Aeneas

 • Est in secessu longo locus: insula portum efficit obiectu laterum, quibus omnis

• Est in secessu longo locus: insula portum efficit obiectu laterum, quibus omnis ab alto 160 frangitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos. Hinc atque hinc vastae rupes geminique minantur • in caelum scopuli, quorum sub vertice late aequora tuta silent; tum silvis scaena coruscis • desuper horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra. 165 • Fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus antrum, intus aquae dulces vivoque sedilia saxo, • nympharum domus: hic fessas non vincula naves ulla tenent, unco non alligat ancora morsu. • • Notice the personification in line 168 vinculum, -i = chain Notice the synchysis in lines 168 -169 uncus, -a, -um = curved/ bent/ hooked alligo, -are = bind/ hold to morsus, morsus = bite • • • line 159 is the beginning of an ekphrasis (an extended detailed description of a place or work of art) secssus, secessus = inlet/ recess efficio, efficere, effeci, effectus = make/ form obiectus, obiectus = projection/ overhang sinus, sinus = fold/ curve/ gulf/ bay Notice the alliteration in line 161 rupes, rupis (f) = crag/ cliff minor, minari, minatus sum = threaten coruscus, -a, -um = waving/ flashing immineo, imminere = hang over Notice the chiasmus in line 165

Huc septem Aeneas collectis navibus omni 170 ex numero subit; ac magno telluris amore

Huc septem Aeneas collectis navibus omni 170 ex numero subit; ac magno telluris amore egressi optata potiuntur Troes harena, et sale tabentes artus in litore ponunt. Ac primum silici scintillam excudit Achates, succepitque ignem foliis, atque arida circum 175 nutrimenta dedit, rapuitque in fomite flammam. Tum Cererem corruptam undis Cerealiaque arma expediunt fessi rerum, frugesque receptas et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo. • abl abs in line 170 • potior potiri potitus sum = take possession of (takes the abl) • tabeo, tabere = drip/ melt/ waste • silex, silicis (m) = flint • scintilla, -ae = spark • excudo, excudere, excudi, excusus = strike out • fomes, fomitis (m) = tinder/ fuel • Ceres here is used as a metonymy for grain; Cerealia arma is utensils for grinding, cooking, and eating the grain • expedio, expedire, expedivi, expeditus = bring out/ prepare • frux, frugis (f) = fruit/ grain • torreo, torrere, torrui, tostus = parch/ roast

prospectus, prospectus = view pelago is abl of place where Anthea is a Gk

prospectus, prospectus = view pelago is abl of place where Anthea is a Gk acc as is Capyn later in line 183 • Lines 184 -185 contain examples of zeugma (a verb is understood to have meaning in two phrases even though it only appears in one), chiasmus (noun adj noun), and asyndeton • armentum, -i = herd Aeneas scopulum interea conscendit, et omnem 180 • prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea si quem iactatum vento videat Phrygiasque biremes, • aut Capyn, aut celsis in puppibus arma Caici. Navem in conspectu nullam, tres litore cervos prospicit errantes; hos tota armenta sequuntur 185 • a tergo, et longum per vallis pascitur agmen.

cornibus arboreis = tree-like horns (abl of quality) frondeus, -a, -um = leafy cadus,

cornibus arboreis = tree-like horns (abl of quality) frondeus, -a, -um = leafy cadus, -i = jar/ urn Acestes had been host to Aeneas and his comrades in Sicily and had furnished them with supplies for the rest of their journey • Trinacrius, -a, -um = Trinicrian/ Sicilian • maereo, maerere = mourn/ grieve Constitit hic, arcumque manu celeresque sagittas • corripuit, fidus quae tela gerebat Achates; ductoresque ipsos primum, capita alta ferentes cornibus arboreis, sternit, tum volgus, et omnem 190 • miscet agens telis nemora inter frondea turbam; nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor corpora fundat humi, et numerum cum navibus aequet. • Hinc portum petit, et socios partitur in omnes. • Vina bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Acestes 195 litore Trinacrio dederatque abeuntibus heros, dividit, et dictis maerentia pectora mulcet:

'O socii—neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum— • Scyllaeus, -a, -um = of Scylla,

'O socii—neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum— • Scyllaeus, -a, -um = of Scylla, a ravenous many headed sea O passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque finem. monster, once a beautiful Vos et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantes 200 woman, now girded with accestis scopulos, vos et Cyclopea saxa fierce dogs and destructive to sailors who attempted to experti: revocate animos, maestumque timorem sail past her cave situated on mittite: forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit. the narrow strait off Sicily Per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum opposite of the great tendimus in Latium; sedes ubi fata quietas 205 whirlpool Charybdis ostendunt; illic fas regna resurgere Troiae. • penitus, adv = within/ deeply/ inwardly Durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis. ' • accedo, accedere, accessi, accessus = approach • Cyclopeus, -a, -um = of the • Notice the syncopated form in line 201 Cyclops, huge one eyed giants, one of whom, • Supply estis with experti Polyphemus, had killed and • Notice the anaphora in lines 201 -202, eaten several of the and again in line 203 comrades of Odysseus; Odysseus and his men • est is understood with fas (line 206) succeeded in blinding him • vosmet (ln 207) is an emphatoc form of and escaping vos

Aeneid I. 418440

Aeneid I. 418440

Corripuere viam interea, qua semita monstrat. Iamque ascendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi imminet, adversasque

Corripuere viam interea, qua semita monstrat. Iamque ascendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi imminet, adversasque adspectat desuper arces. 420 Miratur molem Aeneas, magalia quondam, miratur portas strepitumque et strata viarum. Instant ardentes Tyrii pars ducere muros, molirique arcem et manibus subvolvere saxa, pars optare locum tecto et concludere sulco. 425 [Iura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum; ] hic portus alii effodiunt; hic alta theatris fundamenta locant alii, immanesque columnas rupibus excidunt, scaenis decora alta futuris. • • • • Corripuere is syncopated semita, -ae = path collis, -is (m) = hill plurimus = much more/ (in this context) with imposing size urbi is dative with compound imminet magalia, magalium = huts strepitus, -us = uproar/ din stratum, -i = spread Notice the anaphora in lines 421 -422, and later in line 427 insto, instare, institi = urge on/ press on molior, moliri, molitus sum = work/ make concludo, concludere, conclusi, conclusus = enclose sulcus, sulci = furoow/ trench effodio, effodere, effodi, effosus = dig out Notice the chiasmus in line 429

Qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura 430 exercet sub sole labor, cum gentis

Qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura 430 exercet sub sole labor, cum gentis adultos educunt fetus, aut cum liquentia mella stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas, aut onera accipiunt venientum, aut agmine facto ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent: 435 fervet opus, redolentque thymo fragrantia mella. 'O fortunati, quorum iam moenia surgunt!' Aeneas ait, et fastigia suspicit urbis. Infert se saeptus nebula, mirabile dictu, per medios, miscetque viris, neque cernitur ulli. 440 • qualis, -e = just as (introduces simile) • stipo, -are = press together/ stuff/ stow • distendo, distendere, distendi, distentus = stretch out • fucus, -i (n) = drone • praesepe, praesepis (n) = hive • arceo, arcere, arcui = keep off • redoleo, redolere, redolui = smell of • fastigium, fastigii = summit/ top • saepio, saepire, saepsi, saeptus = inclose/ envelop • ulli is dat of agent used with a passive verb

Aeneid I. 494578

Aeneid I. 494578

 • Haec dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda videntur, dum stupet, obtutuque haeret defixus in

• Haec dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda videntur, dum stupet, obtutuque haeret defixus in uno, 495 • regina ad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido, incessit magna iuvenum stipante caterva. • Qualis in Eurotae ripis aut per iuga Cynthi exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae hinc atque hinc glomerantur oreades; illa pharetram 500 fert umero, gradiensque deas supereminet omnes: Latonae tacitum pertemptant gaudia pectus: • talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat • per medios, instans operi regnisque futuris. • • gradior, gradi, gressus sum = step/ go/ proceed • superemineo, -ere = towers above • • • Dardanius, -a, -um = Dardan, another name for Trojan mirandus, -a, -um = wonderful/ marvelous/ being marveled This passage picks up immediately after a major ekphrasis in Book I, where Vergil describes scenes of the Trojan War painted on a temple. stipo, -are = crowd/ press caterva, -ae = band/ troop/ crowd Notice the opening of a simile in line 498 iugum, -i = yoke/ ridge hinc atque hinc = on this side and on that glomero, -are = gather/ roll together Oreas, Oreadis = Oread/ mountain nymph pharetra, -ae = quiver

testudo, testudinis (f) = tortoise/ shell/ vault/ dome saepio, saepire, saepsi, saeptus = enclose

testudo, testudinis (f) = tortoise/ shell/ vault/ dome saepio, saepire, saepsi, saeptus = enclose solium, solii = throne/ seat subnixes, -a, -um = resting on • concursus, -us = throng/ crowd • aveho, avehere, avexi, avectus = bear away • percutio, percutere, percussi, percussus = strike Tum foribus divae, media testudine templi, 505 • saepta armis, solioque alte subnixa resedit. Iura dabat legesque viris, operumque laborem partibus aequabat iustis, aut sorte trahebat: • cum subito Aeneas concursu accedere magno Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum, 510 Teucrorumque alios, ater quos aequore turbo dispulerat penitusque alias avexerat oras. • Obstipuit simul ipse simul percussus Achates laetitiaque metuque; avidi coniungere dextras ardebant; sed res animos incognita turbat. 515 •

Dissimulant, et nube cava speculantur amicti, quae fortuna viris, classem quo litore linquant, quid

Dissimulant, et nube cava speculantur amicti, quae fortuna viris, classem quo litore linquant, quid veniant; cunctis nam lecti navibus ibant, orantes veniam, et templum clamore petebant. Postquam introgressi et coram data copia fandi, 520 maximus Ilioneus placido sic pectore coepit: 'O Regina, novam cui condere Iuppiter urbem iustitiaque dedit gentes frenare superbas, Troes te miseri, ventis maria omnia vecti, oramus, prohibe infandos a navibus ignes, 525 parce pio generi, et propius res aspice nostras. • dissimulo, dissimulare = hide/ disguise • speculor, speculari, speculatus sum = spy out/ watch • amicio, amicire, amixi, amictus = enfold/ wrap • viris is dat of poss in line 517 • coram, adv = face to face • copia = supply/ abundance/ opportunity • for, fari, fatus sum = speak • freno, -are = restrain/ rein in • Notice how maria omnia in line 524 is framed by the alliterative ventis… vecti • propius is comparative of adv prope = more closely

Non nos aut ferro Libycos populare Penates venimus, aut raptas ad litora vertere praedas;

Non nos aut ferro Libycos populare Penates venimus, aut raptas ad litora vertere praedas; non ea vis animo, nec tanta superbia victis. Est locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt, 530 terra antiqua, potens armis atque ubere glaebae; Oenotri coluere viri; nunc fama minores Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem. Hic cursus fuit: cum subito adsurgens fluctu nimbosus Orion 535 in vada caeca tulit, penitusque procacibus austris perque undas, superante salo, perque invia saxa dispulit; huc pauci vestris adnavimus oris. • • minores here means not smaller, but younger, i. e. descendants (cf. maiores in the sense of ancestors/ elders) nimbosus, -a, -um = full of rain clouds Orion, Orionis (m) = Orion, a huntsman slain by Diana and transformed into a constellation whose rising and setting were associated with stormy weather, used here as a metonymy for the storm supply as an object the word nos with the verb tulit procax, procacis = insolent/ demanding; notice the personification salum, -i = swell/ billow invius, -a, -um = pathless • • • • Libycos Penates are the Libyan household gods, here used as a metonymy for homes; also the earlier ferro is a metonymy/ synecdoche for sword populo, -are = ravage/ plunder Notice the slow spondaic opening of line 527, which lends gravity to Ilioneus’ speech ea = this (sort of)/ such vis, vis (f) = strength/ force victis is dat of poss Hesperia = land to the west/ Italy uber, uberis (f) = breast/ utter glaeba, -ae = lump of earth/ cultivated soil both armis and ubere are examples of ablatives of specification Oenatrius, -a, -um = of the Oenatri, legendary early inhabitants of Italy colo, colere, colui, cultus = inhabit/ cultivate dixit is understood with fama introducing an indirect statement with the past infinitive dixisse

Quod genus hoc hominum? Quaeve hunc tam barbara morem permittit patria? Hospitio prohibemur harenae;

Quod genus hoc hominum? Quaeve hunc tam barbara morem permittit patria? Hospitio prohibemur harenae; 540 • adno, -are = swim toward/ drift bella cient, primaque vetant consistere terra. toward Si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma • Notice the alliteration at the end of line 540, creating a sound at sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi. suited for the angry tone of 'Rex erat Aeneas nobis, quo iustior alter, Ilioneus’ speech here nec pietate fuit, nec bello maior et armis. 545 • cieo, ciere, civi, citus = move/ set in motion/ stir up Quem si fata virum servant, si vescitur aura aetheria, neque adhuc crudelibus occubat umbris, • prima with terra = on the border of non metus; officio nec te certasse priorem • termno, termnere = scorn/ poeniteat. Sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes despise; the shift from 3 rd pers armaque, Troianoque a sanguine clarus Acestes. 550 to 2 nd personalizes and • Quem (ln 544) has the effect of a demonstrative pronoun in English to refer to someone or something in the preceding sentence. • vescor, vesci = use/ enjoy/ feed upon (takes abl) • occubo, -are = lie against/ lie dead • nobis is understood with metus • Notice the syncopation in line 548 • paeniteo, paenitere, paenitui = be sorry; subjunctive • • intensifies the accusatory tone Notice the juxtaposition and antithesis of mortalia arma in line 542 with deos in line 543 for, fari, fatus sum = speak quo is abl of comparison; prose order would be: quo alter fuit nec iustitior pietate nec maior bello et armis pietate, bello, and armis are abl of spec

 • Quassatam ventis liceat subducere classem, • et silvis aptare trabes et stringere

• Quassatam ventis liceat subducere classem, • et silvis aptare trabes et stringere remos: si datur Italiam, sociis et rege recepto, • tendere, ut Italiam laeti Latiumque petamus; • sin absumpta salus, et te, pater optime Teucrum, 555 • pontus habet Libyae, nec spes iam restat Iuli, • at freta Sicaniae saltem sedesque paratas, unde huc advecti, regemque petamus Acesten. ' Talibus Ilioneus; cuncti simul ore fremebant Dardanidae. 560 • Tum breviter Dido, vultum demissa, profatur: • 'Solvite corde metum, Teucri, secludite curas. • saltem, adv = at least • supply sumus with advecti • The use of the word ore in line 559 is an example of pleonasm (a redundancy often seen by the use of an ablative of means with a verb for speaking as is the case here) • secludo, secludere, seclusi, seclusus = separate/ keep at a distance/ put away • • quasso, -are = shake/ batter subduco, subducere, subduxi, subductus = draw up/ raise aptare = to form trabes, trabis (f) = trunk stringere with remos means to trim [branches into] oars recepto is a perf pass part in an abl abs w/ both sociis and rege, but as is common in Lat, it agrees with the nearer of the two nouns sin = but if absumo, absumere, absumpsi, absumptus = use up/ spend/ destroy/ consume The use of the vocative in line 554 is an example of apostrophe (a sudden turn to address someone or something directly whether or not they are literally present) resto, restare, restiti = remain/ linger/ be left (to be done) fretum, -i = strait/ channel Sicania, -ae = Sicania, an archaic name for Sicily

 • tueor, tueri, tuitus sum = Res dura et regni novitas me talia

• tueor, tueri, tuitus sum = Res dura et regni novitas me talia cogunt look at/ see/ watch over moliri, et late finis custode tueri. • nesciat (ln 565) is pres subj; Quis genus Aeneadum, quis Troiae nesciat urbem, 565 quis nesciat = who could not • Notice the alliteration, virtutesque virosque, aut tanti incendia belli? polysyndeton, and Non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, hendiadys in line 566, nec tam aversus equos Tyria Sol iungit ab urbe. emphasizing the connection Seu vos Hesperiam magnam Saturniaque arva, between vir and virtus sive Erycis finis regemque optatis Acesten, 570 • incendia refers to destruction in general auxilio tutos dimittam, opibusque iuvabo. • obtunsus, -a, -um = blunt/ dull • gesto, -are = bear/ carry/ wear • Seu… sive = whether… or • Eryx, Erycis (m) = Eryx, name of a town and mountain in northewest Sicily, names for the eponymous hero Eryx, a son of Venus and thus half brother to Aeneas • supply vos with tutos • ops, opis (f) = power/ resources/ wealth

Vultis et his mecum pariter considere regnis; urbem quam statuo vestra est, subducite navis;

Vultis et his mecum pariter considere regnis; urbem quam statuo vestra est, subducite navis; Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur. Atque utinam rex ipse Noto compulsus eodem 575 adforet Aeneas! Equidem per litora certos dimittam et Libyae lustrare extrema iubebo, si quibus eiectus silvis aut urbibus errat. ' • utinam, adv = if only • adforet (ln 576) is an alternative form of adesset = would that he were here • Equidem = indeed • lustro, -are = review