Adverbs Functional English Adverbs These are the words

Adverbs Functional English

Adverbs These are the words that modify a verb, adjective or another adverb.

Kinds of adverbs 1. 2. 3. Simple Interrogative Relative

Simple Adverbs of time, frequency, place, manner, affirmation, negation and adverbs of reasons are called simple adverbs.

Adverbs of time Words which show when the action was done or thy tell us about the time of action. I have heard this before I hurt my knee yesterday I have spoken to him already.

Adverbs of frequency show many times the action was done. I have told you twice. The man called his friend again.

Adverbs of place adverbs that tell the place of action or in other words where the action was done. He went everywhere in search of water. He looked up.

Adverbs of manner Which show and in what manner the action was done. The drama was well knit The child was walking slowly

Adverbs of affirmation and negation Adverbs used for affirmation in a sentence and add emphasis. Surely you are in the wrong. He will certainly attend the meeting.

Adverbs of reason It expresses the reason for a purpose of a action. He hence is unable to refute the charge He therefore has decided to leave the locality

Interrogative Adverbs When adverbs are used in asking questions they are called interrogative adverbs for example; when, where, why and how.

Relative Adverbs An adverb (where, when, or why) that introduces a relative clause. The relative adverbs where, when, and why also introduce adjectival clauses, modifiers of nouns denoting place (where clauses), time (when clauses), and of the noun reason

Relative Pronouns VS Relative A dverbs A relative pronoun relates to a noun while a relative adverb modifies a verb. 1 The book which I read yesterday is a novel. In the first one which is a relative pronoun because book is the object of the verb read. 2 This is the house where he lived. The noun house is neither the subject nor the object of the verb lived. It answers the question "at what place? " answered so the word that follows it , where. , is called relative adverb.

Adverbs 1. Verb e. g He is running fast. . 2. Adjectives e. g he is extremely clever. 3. Adverb e. g He performed his duty quite nicely. 4. Prepositional e. g He is standing right in the centre of the ground. 5. Conjunction e. g I like him simply because he is very honest. 6. Whole sentence e. g Fortunately Pakistan won the match.

Position of adverbs 1. Adverbs of degree and frequency: usually take mid position 2. Adverbs of manner: follows the verb they modify. For example He runs quickly. If there is a direct object in a sentence, adverb of manner comes after it. For example He rejected his offer politely. If there is an adjective then before adjective to which it qualifies. For example it is carefully taken decision.

Position of Adverb 3. Adverb of Interrogation: take front position. For example how are you? 4. Adverbs of time and Place: they can come at start and end. For example; I will visit you tomorrow or Tomorrow I will visit you. 5. when it modifies the whole sentence, then it comes in the beginning.

Formation of adverbs We make many adverbs by adding -ly to an adjective, for example: quick (adjective) > quickly (adverb) careful (adjective) > carefully (adverb) beautiful (adjective) > beautifully (adverb)

Conti…. The basic rule is that -ly is added to the end of the adjective: adjective adverb quickly suddenly straightforwardly

Conti …… If the adjective ends with a consonant followed by -le, replace the final -e with -y on its own adjective adverb terrible terribly comfortable comfortably incredible incredibly

Conti …. . If the adjective has two syllables and ends in -y, then you need to replace the final -y with -ily adjective adverb happy happily hungrily lazily

Exceptional cases Adjectives that end in -ly, such as friendly or lively, can’t be made into adverbs by adding -ly. You have to use a different form of words, e. g. ‘in a friendly way’ or ‘in a lively way’ instead

Degrees of adverbs some adverbs are compared by adding the suffixes er and est to the positive to form the comparative and the superlative. adverbs have three degrees of comparison, the positive, the comparative, and the superlative.

Irregular adverbs Some adverbs are irregular in their comparison for example: Positive. Comparative. Superlative. farther farthest far furthest ill worse worst later last or latest little less least much more most nearer next

Adverbials Words other than adverbs, used in place of adverbs. For example: he clean refused from going abroad Adverb clause: clauses made with the help of adverbs. Adverb phrase: slow and study, on the road