ADVERBIAL CLAUSE TIME PLACE DISTANCE MANNER REASON INTRODUCTION

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE TIME # PLACE # DISTANCE # MANNER # REASON

INTRODUCTION An adverbial clause is a dependent clause introduced by an adverbial subordinator. It is used to modify the verb of the independent clause and tells when (time), where (place), why (reason), how long, or how far. It us also used to show contrast: concession (unexpected result) and direct opposition.

TIME CLAUSE An adverbial time clause tells when the action described by the independent clause verb took place. The action or situation in a time clause can occur at the same time or at a different time. When (whenever) While As soon as Before After Since as until

EXAMPLES q A midwife arrived when the baby had been born. q Susan was reading a book while Doni was watching a movie. q After people moved to urban areas, they had less protein in their diet. q Our eating habits changed as soon as food processing methods imporoved.

PLACE CLAUSE An adverbial place clause tells where the action described by the main verb took place. A place clause is introduced by the following subordinators: Wherever Everywhere anywhere

EXAMPLES q Most people prefer to shop where they can be sure of quality. q Consumers usually prefer to do business wherever credit cards are accepted. q Everywhere I shop, I use my credit cards. q I usually stop for lunch anywhere that is economical.

MANNER, DISTANCE, FREQUENCY CLAUSES Adverbial clauses of manner, distance, and frequency are introduced by: • As + adverb + as • As if/ as though

EXAMPLES q The demonstrators left as the police had ordered (manner) q The students completed the experiment as quickly as they could (manner) q Pat jogs on the beach as far as she can (distance) q She jogs on the beach as often as she can (frequently) q Kathleen spoke as if (as though) she were an authority on the subject (manner)