ADVANCED WORD POWER Second Edition BETH JOHNSON JANET
ADVANCED WORD POWER Second Edition BETH JOHNSON JANET M. GOLDSTEIN © 2011 Townsend Press
Unit Two: Chapter 6 • appall • kindle • cognizant • lavish • commiserate • ludicrous • expedient • negligent • hindrance • scrutinize
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 appall – verb • At the end of World War II, the facts that emerged about the Nazi concentration camps and death camps appalled the entire world. • “When the facts about this awful crime are disclosed, ” said the prosecutor, “they will appall you and show clearly that the defendant is a monster. ” Appall means A. to appeal to. B. to shock. C. to bore. Appalling damage caused by a forest fire FEMA news photo
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 appall – verb • At the end of World War II, the facts that emerged about the Nazi concentration camps and death camps appalled the entire world. • “When the facts about this awful crime are disclosed, ” said the prosecutor, “they will appall you and show clearly that the defendant is a monster. ” Appall means A. to appeal to. B. to shock. C. to bore. Hearing for the first time about horrors of the concentration and death camps would shock anyone. Hearing about an awful crime committed by a “monster” would shock a jury. FEMA news photo
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 cognizant – adjective • After a picnic in the woods, Shawn found a tick on his ankle and then developed a rash. Cognizant of the risk of Lyme disease, he saw his doctor right away. • Many Americans have diabetes without being cognizant of their condition. Cognizant means A. confused by. B. conscious of. C. careless about.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 cognizant – adjective • After a picnic in the woods, Shawn found a tick on his ankle and then developed a rash. Cognizant of the risk of Lyme disease, he saw his doctor right away. • Many Americans have diabetes without being cognizant of their condition. Cognizant means A. confused by. B. conscious of. C. careless about. Shawn must have been conscious of the possibility that he had Lyme disease since he sought medical care right away. Many Americans may not realize they have diabetes if they aren’t conscious of the symptoms and risk factors associated with the disease.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 commiserate – verb • Mom was disappointed with the widows’ support group. The members just wanted to commiserate with each other, but she wanted to learn about positive steps to take, not just get sympathy. • When my dog died, my friends tried to commiserate with me, but they didn’t really understand how I was feeling. Commiserate means A. to express sorrow. B. to draw a comparison. C. to complain. Photo: Matt Glaman A sculpture of friends commiserating
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 commiserate – verb • Mom was disappointed with the widows’ support group. The members just wanted to commiserate with each other, but she wanted to learn about positive steps to take, not just get sympathy. • When my dog died, my friends tried to commiserate with me, but they didn’t really understand how I was feeling. Commiserate means A. to express sorrow. B. to draw a comparison. C. to complain. Photo: Matt Glaman If she got sympathy from the other widows, then they must have expressed sorrow for her loss. People would be likely to express sorrow for their friend’s loss.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 expedient – adjective • Marty’s interest in Elaine seems entirely expedient; he knows she has money, and he wants to marry someone wealthy who will support him. • In order to sell his old car for the highest possible price, Jim did the expedient thing: he slapped a new coat of paint on it and didn’t mention that it needed new brakes and a new exhaust system. Expedient means A. unbelievable. B. admirable. C. self-interested.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 expedient – adjective • Marty’s interest in Elaine seems entirely expedient; he knows she has money, and he wants to marry someone wealthy who will support him. • In order to sell his old car for the highest possible price, Jim did the expedient thing: he slapped a new coat of paint on it and didn’t mention that it needed new brakes and a new exhaust system. Expedient means A. unbelievable. B. admirable. C. self-interested. Marty is acting out of pure self-interest: his only reason for marrying Elaine is her money. Jim was so self-interested that he used deception to sell his car, rather than mention its defective brakes and exhaust system.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 hindrance – noun • Some people seem perfectly willing to lie if the truth would be a hindrance to getting what they want. • Her tendency to faint at the sight of blood will be a hindrance to Tonya’s plan to become a nurse. Hindrance means An athlete who’s overcome A. a cause. a hindrance B. an effect. C. a barrier. Photo: Dept. of Veterans Affairs
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 hindrance – noun • Some people seem perfectly willing to lie if the truth would be a hindrance to getting what they want. • Her tendency to faint at the sight of blood will be a hindrance to Tonya’s plan to become a nurse. Hindrance means A. a cause. B. an effect. C. a barrier. Photo: Dept. of Veterans Affairs When truth is a barrier to getting what they want, some people try to get around it by lying. Fainting at the sight of blood would be a barrier to becoming a nurse, since nurses often have to handle blood.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 kindle – verb • Before Tyrone joined the navy, Callie had thought of him as “just a friend. ” But his warm, affectionate letters began to kindle her love for him. • The senator’s lifelong devotion to politics was kindled early, when she was elected president of her high-school senior class. Kindle means A. to stop. B. to inspire. C. to change.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 kindle – verb • Before Tyrone joined the navy, Callie had thought of him as “just a friend. ” But his warm, affectionate letters began to kindle her love for him. • The senator’s lifelong devotion to politics was kindled early, when she was elected president of her high-school senior class. Kindle means A. to stop. B. to inspire. C. to change. Warm, affectionate letters could inspire a woman to change her feelings from friendship to love. Holding office in high-school government could inspire a lifelong devotion to politics.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 lavish – adjective • The lavish new offices looked very impressive, but behind all that splendor, the company was going broke. • Avery celebrated his promotion by taking his friends out for a lavish dinner. “The best of everything!” he told the waiter. “And it’s all on me. ” Lavish means White House Photo: Shealah Craighead A. overly luxurious. B. subtle. C. amusing. A lavish setting for one of President Bush’s state dinners
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 lavish – adjective • The lavish new offices looked very impressive, but behind all that splendor, the company was going broke. • Avery celebrated his promotion by taking his friends out for a lavish dinner. “The best of everything!” he told the waiter. “And it’s all on me. ” Lavish means White House Photo: Shealah Craighead A. overly luxurious. B. subtle. C. amusing. The word splendor suggests that the offices were overly luxurious. Since Avery insisted on having “the best of everything, ” the dinner was probably overly luxurious.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 ludicrous – verb • Struggling in the wind and rain with my umbrella, which had turned inside out, while my dog tugged wildly at his leash and my bag of groceries burst and spilled, I must have been a ludicrous sight. • “Diet Tips from Space Aliens”; “Five-Year-Old Gives Birth to Basketball Team”; “Florida Floating Out to Sea”—no idea seems too ludicrous to be reported in the supermarket tabloids. Ludicrous means A. horrifying. B. ridiculous. C. inspiring. A ludicrous outfit for a dog
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 ludicrous – verb • Struggling in the wind and rain with my umbrella, which had turned inside out, while my dog tugged wildly at his leash and my bag of groceries burst and spilled, I must have been a ludicrous sight. • “Diet Tips from Space Aliens”; “Five-Year-Old Gives Birth to Basketball Team”; “Florida Floating Out to Sea”—no idea seems too ludicrous to be reported in the supermarket tabloids. Ludicrous means A. horrifying. B. ridiculous. C. inspiring. Losing control of his or her belongings made the person feel ridiculous looking. These headlines are ridiculous because they describe impossible situations.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 negligent – adjective • While Hester may be a negligent housekeeper—her apartment is dusty and untidy—she makes up for it by being a loving, conscientious mother. • It’s not surprising that Rich flunked out of college. His attitude toward studying has always been negligent. Negligent means A. anxious. B. amusing. C. careless.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 negligent – adjective • While Hester may be a negligent housekeeper—her apartment is dusty and untidy—she makes up for it by being a loving, conscientious mother. • It’s not surprising that Rich flunked out of college. His attitude toward studying has always been negligent. Negligent means A. anxious. B. amusing. C. careless. Dust and lack of tidiness are signs of careless housekeeping. A careless attitude toward studying often results in failing grades.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 scrutinize – adjective • The detectives scrutinized the crime scene for fingerprints and other clues. • Before handing in his report, Dan was told to scrutinize it for misspellings and other errors. Scrutinize means A. to inspect. B. to describe. C. to add to. Photo: NASA Scrutinizing a spacecraft before takeoff
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 scrutinize – adjective • The detectives scrutinized the crime scene for fingerprints and other clues. • Before handing in his report, Dan was told to scrutinize it for misspellings and other errors. Scrutinize means A. to inspect. B. to describe. C. to add to. Photo: NASA It is the job of detectives to inspect crime scenes for clues. It is important to inspect written work and correct errors before turning in a final copy.
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