Advanced Urban Design Urban Regeneration 2015 11 19
Advanced Urban Design (Urban Regeneration), 2015. 11. 19, Seoul National Univer Quartiersmanagement (마을만들기) in Berlin, Germany Written by: Inhee Kim(김인희) Presented by: Junghwan Park (박정 환) Master’s Course, Urban Design Lab, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University
Table of Contents I. Background – German Cities II. Case of Berlin III. Conclusion
I. Background - German Cities
Background § After 1980 s in Germany, polarization started to happen due to socialspatial differentiation § Especially in residential areas, high-income families started to move out from rugged cities to suburbs, and low-income families or foreigners replaced them in the core of the cites. § -> Slumism § After unification, in the 1990 s, the problem went further to a nationwide problem § Prospering south vs former East Germany area, north (fall of the manufacturing industry, increase of unemployment rate) § Urban regeneration became a matter in the sense of whole nation 1980 s 1990 s city centre Part of the nation
Urban Generation Policy of Germany Urban Regeneration Stadtermeuerung Urban Repair Urban Reconstruction Sanierung Stadtumbau Remaining physical Replacing physical structure, changing land structure use 1990 s Behutsame Stadterneuerung (Careful Urban Regeneration) Soziale Stadt Program(1999) 사회통합도시
Institutional Framework Constitution 104 b: The Federal Government’s financial aid to local Grund Gesetz governments (For quality of life and balance between regions) 107 a~d: About urban repair on rugged areas Architectural Law Bau. GB 171 e: Soziale Stadt(사회통합도시) should aid areas where are deteriorated socially-economically Administrative Contract Verwaltungsvereinbarung- About the relationships between the federal government and 16 state governments Städtebauförderung Practical Guidelines Ways of resident participation, regional Leitfaden zur Ausgestaltung der economy vitalization, education, health, Gemeinschaftsinitiative Soziale residential issues… Stadt -> aim, strategy, scope of aid
II. Case of Berlin
Berlin: Geography § Located at the north-east part of Germany § Population: 3. 45 million § Area: 892㎢ (Seoul: 605. 28㎢)
Background § Berlin’s urban issues became more severe than other cities in Germany in the 1990 s, after the unification § To cope with this, the city council of Berlin adopted a program called ‘Quartiersmanagement’(Community Planning, 마을만들기) in 1999 § It follows the outline of Soziale Stadt § § § Key factors for quartiersmanagement 1. a team for community planning should be established 2. administrative structure that binds experts in diverse fields 3. Real-life strategy and neighbourhood improvement plan should be set 4. Quatiersrate(마을협의회), a group that makes decision about projects and budget plans, should be made § 5. Help residents to participate § 6. Diverse education and job-getting programs
Where is it done? § 34 projects in Berlin § Total residents 394, 000 § Ratio of foreigners: 28. 7% (Berlin average 14. 0%) Where? - Lack of residential infrastructure - Depression of economic structure - Increase in the ratio of vacant buildings - Increase in the numbers of public aid recipients(기초생활수급자), unemployment rate, ratio of unemployed people - Increase in the ratio of immigrants - Increase in the rate of middlehigh class leakage
Governance § In each towns, a site office is constructed for 3~5 ‘Quartiersmanager’s § The principle is that residents own and lead the project, but the managers should monitor and help them, balancing between the public and the residents Quartiersmanager § Expert network management § Masterplan § Project planning and execution - Employment education - Children education - Juvenile consultation - Resident leisure program § Budget gain and execution § Develop policies to support the project
Governance § Quartiersrate(마을협의회): an administration in Berlin that was made in 2000 § Averagely 9~12 times meeting a year § 2~3 hours § Consisted of ordinary residents + experts group § For the conference to have effectiveness, over 75% of the group should attend § It should be consisted of more than 50% of residents § 15~30 people in each regions, 1 out of 1000 § Planning projects, deciding budget scale, deciding the scope of support, etc. Quartiersrate
Monitoring & Evaluation Focus control area Evaluation Index - Social integration: the ratio of General control area foreigners - Social-Economic: unemployment rate, purchasing power, debt Prevention area ratio, ratio of public aid recipients - Population: population change rate Stabilization area
III. Conclusion
Conclusion - Long-time and consistent policy-making and pushing ahead - Urban regeneration matter in Germany goes back to 100 years ago, and it was settled in law since 1960 s. The town planning in Berlin was pushed ahead for decades with thorough planning - Operated with a system and managed transparently with a guideline - Federal -> State -> Municipality -> Town planning team - Various guidelines are in act to make everything clear and honest - The right and responsibility are all transferred to residents - Made the residents to feel responsible for everything and to participate more actively in all sorts of projects
- Slides: 15