Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS

Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers Introduction to Spatial Data Infrastructures 2013 Eduardo Mattenet World Bank Consultant Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 1 SDI Introduction

Contents • • Concept of SDI Technological structure SDI Components and Node structure National SDI − Definition − Key elements − Benefits • Current use trends • Challenges in SDI implementation Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 2 SDI Introduction

Concept of SDI Components Technology, policies, standards, procedures and people necessary to promote geospatial data sharing under which organizations and technologies interact to foster more efficient use, management and production of spatial data. The main goal of a NSDI is to develop rules and standards for sharing and distributing spatial data in the country - this will contribute to sustainable development and economic growth. Function /means Goals Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 3 SDI Introduction

SDI Goals • Fulfill the basic rights of access to information generated by public institutions • Provide better visibility and transparency to the action of the public and private institutions • Integrate geographical information in a common cartographic base, complete and updated • Coordinate information production, access and use • Support the coordination of multi-disciplinary activities • Support the economic and social development Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 4 SDI Introduction

Brief history • FGDC: Created in USA by National Executive Order (1994) • Open Geospatial Consortium created from Open. GIS project (1994) • ISO/TC 211 formed (1994): WMS (2000), WFS (2002), GML Simple Features (2006) standards released • National SDI consolidation in USA, Europe, Australia. EU INSPIRE Directive (2007) • Thematic and National SDIs advancing in other regions Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 5 SDI Introduction

Components of an SDI Legal framework Institucional framework Users & Providers Policies, plans Technical rules and standards Technologies Information, data, catalogs Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 6 SDI Introduction

Components of an SDI The legal and institutional framework is essential to the sustainability of an SDI Defining competences and responsibilities for information production, maintenance and distribution Defining policies regarding information access and use Creating reasonable rules and standards for interoperability, and promote their adoption Planning of coordinated needs and solutions Optimizing resources by means of joint projects Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 7 SDI Introduction

SDI Inhibitors • Immature institutional arrangements • Immature user/provider relationships • Poor spatial data quality • Inconsistent spatial data policies • Incomplete knowledge about spatial data • Lack of best practice in the use of enabling technologies Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 8 SDI Introduction

Technological structure SDI Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 9 SDI Introduction

Technological structure The ‘standard’ SDI is made of distributed nodes Each participant entity Publishes standard services to provide access to its information Catalogs these services with metadata As a user, it can access metadata and services from other nodes Common resources The SDI catalog collects all metadata and provides search service The SDI portal offers search, query, download and visualization Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 10 SDI Introduction

Technological structure Standard Web services (catalog, map, data…) Main portal Entity’s metadata Entity’s own portal and GIS clients Other SDIs Main catalog Entity’s data Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 11 SDI Introduction

Relationship between SDIs Thematic SDIs Participants share a common thematic interest (biodiversity, disaster management, land use and planning, geosciences…) Hierarchical SDIs Defined at different levels (multinational, regional, municipalities). Each level aggregates the lower ones SDI Federation Because of the distributed interoperability and access, SDIs can merge, reusing, composing and adding value on services and metadata. SDIs don’t have boundaries. Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 12 SDI Introduction

Relationship between SDIs Node-to-node services Node-to-portal services Portal 1 Portal 2 Catalog 1 Catalog harvesting Catalog 2 Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 13 SDI Introduction

National SDI (NSDI) Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 14 SDI Introduction

Definition NSDI “The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is the technology, policies, criteria, standards and people necessary to promote geospatial data sharing throughout all levels of government, the private and non-profit sectors, and academia. ” Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 15 SDI Introduction

Moving towards a NSDI • Three main areas for consideration: • Forging Partnerships with Purpose: Adopting a governance structure that includes representatives of all stakeholder groups guides the development of the NSDI • Making Framework Real: Implementing nationally coordinated programs that include collection, documentation, access, and utilization of data for generating framework data themes • Communicating the Message: Ensuring that the NSDI is recognized across the nation as the primary mechanism for assuring access to reliable geospatial data Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 16 SDI Introduction

Key Elements for a National SDI • NSDI framework, a key building block that forms the backbone of NSDI; A four part framework • Data establish common data requirements for documentation, collection, and exchange of NSDI dataset across the board and on different HW platforms • Access, use, distribution • Define basic and thematic datasets • Define responsibilities for sectors/thematic areas • Policy, Procedures and technology for building and using the data. • Institutional relations and business practices • Establishment of a National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse framework Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 17 SDI Introduction

Key Elements for a National SDI • DATA framework, data themes critical for many geospatial applications • Define basic and thematic datasets • Basic data: coastline, gazetteer (names), geodetic control (ground control stations), building fprint, water catchments, ponds, elevation, hypsography, settlement area, outdoor recr. • Admin /Jurisdiction: parish boundary, census div. , enumeration distr. • Disaster management: natural hazards, emergency shelters • Utilities: electricity net, water net, sewage net • Cadastre: parcel, fence lines • Transportation: Roads eop, Transit network (road cline), rails, airport, seaport • Land/Planning: Vegetation, Land Cover, Landuse, police, health, education • Marine: bathymetry, moorings, fishing landing sites, fishing protected areas • Meteo: rainfall station, Isohyets • Tourism: hotel, recreation • Define responsibilities for sectors/thematic areas Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 18 SDI Introduction

Key Elements for a National SDI • Procedures and technology framework, for building and using the data • Technical and operational aspect • Feature-base data model • Permanent unique feature identification codes • Reference to a modern geodetic datum • Seamlessly integrated data for adjacent or overlapping geographic areas • Metadata • Operational aspect • Transactional changes • Access to past versions • Access to framework data though a one stop geospatial portal Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 19 SDI Introduction

Key Elements for a National SDI • Institutional relations framework, and business practices ensure a robust and well-maintained framework • Provide vision and direction for framework development • Development, maintenance, update, and integration of framework data • Coordination, to ensure that the contributions of organizations work together and encourage productive relationships among participants • Data management, to ensure the continued viability of framework data through standards, data security, and disaster recovery • Data access, to enable users to obtain framework data • Resource management, to estimate income and expenses, obtain resources, and provide logistical support • Measures, to monitor users’ satisfaction and to provide market analysis Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 20 SDI Introduction

Key Elements for a National SDI • National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse framework • One stop geospatial portal, which is a distributed electronic network of data producers and users connected through the Internet portal. • LICJ Jamaica Web Map service • IDERA in Argentina: http: //www. idera. gob. ar/mapa/ Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 21 SDI Introduction

Key Elements for a National SDI • SDI Implementation Plan – Must consider all SDI components – Phase 1. Base legislation, data production investments. Visible prototypes (proof-of-concept) – Phase 2. Technological development and institutional development • Human resources intensive (training, metadata, publishing) • Investment towards technological platform and institutional capabilities – Phase 3. Maintenance and update • Coordinated procedures and funding for data maintenance • Metadata update, scalability of services Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 22 SDI Introduction

Funding options • Essential shared datasets should be assumed as a public asset and funding provided by the State (e. g. Flyover for production of Aerial Orthophotos) • Co-responsibility policy, each institution must provide funding for the data assigned by the National Plan • • Free Web access, at least for data catalog and maps view Cost recovery for non-commercial downloads, physical copies Data sales and exploitation agreements for commercial uses Added-value products and services • International cooperation funds • • • Inter-institutional R&D (to develop technological platform) Generation of base datasets, orthophotos, cadastre for sustainable land management, support infrastructure development International projects: climate change, disaster risk management Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 23 SDI Introduction

NSDI Benefits Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 24 SDI Introduction

Key benefits • Better information management within organizations • Improved coordination between institutions • Provide information integration mechanisms for interdisciplinary sectors • Economic development: access of government and private sector to information is a key factor Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 25 SDI Introduction

Key benefits Greater collaboration and easier access to geospatial information will avoid multiple investments and facilitate sharing across the board supporting decision making and emergency response. 1. Better management of natural and land resources and other community interests 2. Improved public access to data and information 3. Improved public image for all stakeholders, maximizing resources, efficiency and transparency 4. Improvement in planning and tracking of projects, using geostatistic and indicators. 5. Avoid information loses, duplications and inconsistencies leading to inefficiencies, mistakes and even legal problems 6. Growth and expansion of resources, capabilities and knowledge base Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 26 SDI Introduction

Key benefits 7. Better information management within organizations • Avoid information loses, duplications and inconsistencies leading to inefficiencies, mistakes and even legal problems • Better internal control on information responsibility, access and use • Reduce information acquisition and distribution costs. 8. Improved coordination between institutions • • • Develop common strategic/operative planning (e. g. disaster risk mitigation) Consultation on proposed development projects (e. g. common discussion and advance warning on public infrastructures) Joint data acquisition and updates 9. Provide information integration mechanisms for inter-disciplinary sectors • • Environmental management: water, soil, air, waste, biodiversity, climate Social services: health, education, culture, public transportation Development: public works, tourism, transportation, commerce, industry Risk management: safety, public events, disaster prevention and relief Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 27 SDI Introduction

SDI Implementation examples Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 28 SDI Introduction

Municipalities SDI (examples) • SDIs are often used to provide services to municipalities, which in turn create portals offering local information, e-government functions, etc. • Example in Spain: municipalities use National Cadaster Office service to get property information and provide access to e-government services: https: //www 1. sedecatastro. gob. es/ovc. Inicio. aspx/ Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 29 SDI Introduction

City planning SDI (examples) • Another example in Spain: Valencia City offers portal to check the approved land use and city planning, as well as request official certifications: http: //mapas. valencia. es/ -> “Mapa del PGOU” • Other maps include: - Economic activity Real-time traffic Noise Public housing… Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 30 SDI Introduction

National SDIs (examples) • National SDIs • Sample of NSDI driven by a vision of sustainable development, social and environmental benefits, competitiveness, and improved administration management are: • The LICJ in Jamaica: http: //www. licj. org. jm/map/cabinet. Web. Mapv 2. html • The IDERA in Argentina: http: //www. idera. gob. ar/mapa/ • Other National SDI samples: http: //earthexplorer. usgs. gov/ (USGS) http: //geoportal. abudhabi. ae/geoportal/ (Abu Dhabi) http: //imagery. maps. nsw. gov. au/ (Australia) http: //www. ngi. gov. za/index. php/Image-tabs-home/south-african-spatial-datainfrastructure. html (South Africa) Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 31 SDI Introduction

Multi-National SDIs (examples) • Formed by aggregation-federation based on common rules • EU Inspire: http: //inspire-geoportal. ec. europa. eu • Services provided by multinational agencies (UN, EU) to which countries subscribe by formal agreement • Access to spatial imagery for environmental and risk management: GEOSS, GMES • Formed around regional thematic interests: • SERVIR Regional Visualization and Monitoring System http: //www. servir. net/en/ http: //share 1. cathalac. org/servirmaps/index 1. html • Arctic SDI http: //arctic-sdi. org/ • See more SDI links in http: //www. gsdi. org/SDILinks SERVIR Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 32 SDI Introduction

Regional Visualization and Monitoring System (www. servir. net/en/) • Downloadable data • Online mapping & animation applications • Decision support tools • 3 D visualization tools Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 33 SDI Introduction

The Regional Visualization & Monitoring System (SERVIR) Terra Mesoamerica’s Earth Observation & Forecasting Platform • Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) Fires Red Tides EDOS Data ingest from Land Cover / Use Change EOS and Central Land. Sat MODIS SRTM AMSR-E IKONOS ASTER Test-bed at NASA MSFC Web Interface www. servir. net Environmental Monitoring & Decision Support Products Operational Node at CATHALAC Panama Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago • International Charter on Space and Major Disasters • Mesoamerican Environmental Information System (SIAM) SERVIR is a completely open-access 34 system w/products in range of formats SDI Introduction SERVIR 2/10/2022

SDI and risk management Scenario analysis systems • Central American Probabilistic Risk Assessment (CAPRA). This project provides data, software and financial support for risk assessment projects www. ecapra. org • They have started using Geo. Node Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 35 SDI Introduction

Current trends in SDI use Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 36 SDI Introduction

Current SDI use trends Use in mobile devices, real-time information Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 37 SDI Introduction

Current SDI use trends Crowdsourcing and open communities Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 38 SDI Introduction

Current SDI use trends Crowdsourcing for cartography production: Nevis data in Open. Street. Map Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 39 SDI Introduction

Challenges in SDI implementation Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 40 SDI Introduction

Challenges in SDI implementation • Access to information • • • Organizational resistance to open data access Analogic information (printed maps, photos) No data catalog available Available resources to build metadatabase Resistance of IT departments to change Show benefits Early, simple prototypes Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 41 SDI Introduction

Challenges in SDI implementation • Slow progress on legal framework • Military-oriented view of geospatial data (GD) a TOP SECRET attitude • Monopolies on creating & distributing GD Holding information = retain power • Compartmentalized government structure Lack of communication between agencies • Difficult to see short-term benefit within political election cycle Start with informal SDI groups Prepare drafts and reach consensus to gain political leverage Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 42 SDI Introduction

Challenges in SDI implementation • Cost of resources • High initial investment in acquiring/updating/cataloging information Is it real? • Training human resources - Scholarships available? ? • Problem of human resources rotation - Isn’t it the world round? • Adapt/develop appropriate tools linked to SD - Geo. Node? • A critical mass is needed to make SDI really useful - Internet community? Make the case of SDI as national pride get funds from national budget and international programs Promote savings in organizations linked to SDI implementation get funds from organization budget Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 43 SDI Introduction

Challenges in SDI implementation • Lack of basic information • No resources for updating geospatial data (orthophotos, DEM, base data), specially for detailed scales • Institutional responsibilities are not clear for different scales, themes Working group on basic data create a national SDI plan Group for data standards and services forge partnerships with stakeholders groups Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 44 SDI Introduction

Challenges in SDI implementation • Managing expectations • • • Short-term political goals, seek visible results soon SDI may be seen as silver bullet (short political vision) If the process fails, it will be more difficult to get started again… Create realistic strategic plan with phases, visible & useful intermediate results Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 45 SDI Introduction

Challenges in SDI implementation Lets identify the problem and work on overcoming the Main Challenge • FEAR to loose… • FIND JUSTIFICATIONS TO JUSTIFY FEAR Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 46 SDI Introduction

Question? Advanced Training on Spatial Data Management for GIS Data Managers February 2013 - University of West Indies Trinidad and Tobago 2/10/2022 47 SDI Introduction