Advanced Operating Systems Lecture notes Dr Dongho Kim
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Advanced Operating Systems Lecture notes Dr. Dongho Kim Dr. Tatyana Ryutov University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
Administration v Instructors q Dr. Dongho Kim q Dr. Tatyana Ryutov § Office hours – Friday 11 a. m. to noon v TA q q Chansook Lim § Tuesday 10 a. m. to noon Sunhee Yoon § Thursday 1 p. m. to 3 p. m. Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
Administration v. Class Home Page http: //gost. isi. edu/courses/usc_csci 555. html q Announcements q Syllabus q Lecture Slides q Reading list v Class e-mail: csci 555@usc. edu Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
Administrative Information v. Reading list q ~65 papers and q ~20 book chapters q Concentrated toward the first half v. Text q Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (third edition) § By Coulouris, Dollimore, and Kindberg Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
Administrative Information v. Assignments q 4 Reports, § Due 11 p. m. Thursday nights q Research Paper § Due: last class q Exams § Mid-Term: Friday, October 14 § Final Exam: Friday, December 9 Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
Administrative Information v. DEN site - Blackboard q Lecture webcast q Class forum at ISI q Grades v. Lecture notes to be posted before lecture v. Academic Integrity q READ IT – It applies to you Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
Administration v. Class forum at ISI q Announcements q Questions q Answers q Registration q Participation http: //den. usc. edu Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
Administration v. Grading q 20%: Reading Reports q 20%: Midterm q 20%: Final q 30%: Research Paper q 10%: Class Participation § Class forum § Quiz Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
How to survive? v. Read the survival guide v. How to read papers q Read the papers in advance § Be critical q At least skim through v. Build your own notes v. Study group Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
CSci 555: Advanced Operating Systems Lecture 1 – August 26, 2005 Dr. Dongho Kim Dr. Tatyana Ryutov University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
What you should learn in this course v. You will gain a basic understanding of distributed system concepts. v. You will develop intuition for which approaches work, and which don’t. v. You will develop the ability to sense where bottlenecks lie in system design. v. You will remember where to look for more information when you are faced with a distributed system problem. v. Above all, you will learn how to be critical of what you are told by system designers. Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
Some things an operating system does v. Memory Management v. Scheduling / Resource management v. Communication v. Protection and Security v. File Management - I/O v. Naming v. Synchronization v. User Interface Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
Progression of Operating Systems Primary goal of a distributed system: q Sharing Progression over past years q Dedicated machines q Batch Processing q Time Sharing q Workstations and PC’s q Distributed Systems Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
Structure of Distributed Systems v. Kernel q Basic functionality and protection v. Application Level q Does the real work v. Servers q Service and support functions needed by applications q Many functions that used to be in Kernel are now in servers. Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
Structure of Distributed Systems UP User Space SVR Kernel Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
Network vs. OS Layering (No direct mapping, colors to stimulate discussion) Application Layer Applications LIBRARIES Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Link Layer Physical User Space SERVICES Servers OS SERVICES Kernel Hardware Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
Characteristics of a Distributed System v. Basic characteristics: q Multiple Computers q Interconnections q Shared State Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
Why Distributed Systems are Hard v. Scale: q Numeric q Geographic q Administrative v. Loss of control over parts of the system v. Unreliability of Messages v. Parts of the system down or inaccessible q Lamport: You know you have a distributed system when the crash of a computer you have never heard of stops you from getting any work done. Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
End-to-End Argument v. QUESTION: Where to place distributed systems functions? v. Layered system design: q Different levels of abstraction for simplicity. q Lower layer provides service to upper layer. q Very well defined interfaces. Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
E 2 E Argument (continued) v. E 2 E paper argues that functions should be moved closer to the application that uses them. Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
E 2 E Argument (continued) v Rationale: q Some functions can only be completely and correctly implemented with application’s knowledge. § Example: – Reliable message delivery, security – Encrypted e-mail – Streaming media vs. Banking q Applications that do not need certain functions should not have to pay for them. Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
E 2 E Counter-Argument v Performance q Example: File transfer § Reliability checks at lower layers detect problems earlier. § Abort transfer and re-try without having to wait till whole file is transmitted. v Abstraction q Less repetition across apps Bottom line: “spread” functionality across layers. Copyright © 1995 -2005 Clifford Neuman and Dongho Kim - UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - INFORMATION SCIENCES INSTITUTE
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