ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR SKYSCRAPER CONSTRUCTION PREENGINEERED BUILDING

ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR SKYSCRAPER CONSTRUCTION

PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDING SYSTEM • Pre-engineered building system consists of 7 main components made of superior concrete. • This is a FAST and EASY technique for construction of any permanent building type. • A single unit of any size/type can be erected within 7 days. The UDG building systems is launched after intense research and development by team comprising leading architects and engineers. • Our system can be easily constructed at a job site resulting in dramatic time savings as well as eliminating the need for machinery.

PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDING SYSTEM 1. Specially designed components based on interlocking principle are used, which offers: 1. QUALITY: Components are manufactured out of superior grade concrete. 2. ECONOMY: It offers 30% savings over traditional technology. 3. SPEED: It is 10 times faster than traditional method of construction.

DAY 1

DAY 2

DAY 3

DAY 4

DAY 5

DAY 6

COMPONENT #1 FOOTING • The function of footing is to distribute load from Column to the Foundation Soil below. • For distribution of load on greater area of soil, wider slab is provided beyond the area required for supporting the load carrying components above it. • For optimizing the weight without compromising for strength, concrete ribs are provided on thin concrete slab, similar to a bearing plate for supporting a steel column. • Evolution of peculiar form for the footing is a result of search of optimistic structural solution. • The component is adequately reinforced to keep the bending and shear stresses within permissible limits.

FOOTING: TYPE A AND TYPE B

COMPONENT #2 PEDESTAL • Pedestal transmits load from column to the footing. • It is shaped to occupy the space between the existing ground level and footing level. • It is kept hollow by removing surplus concrete to reduce its weight. • It is anchored adequately to both upper and lower elements to prevent segregation due to soil movement.

COMPONENT #2 PEDESTAL

COMPONENT #3 CAPITAL: TYPE A AND TYPE B • For flexibility of connection of column units with Joists, Tiebeams etc. a connector unit is designed with a central core matching the column section and projections in one to four directions to receive other elements in the desired direction. • The seats of a connector receive high concentrated loads from these units; hence these are shaped and designed with special considerations for receiving these elements as well as heir fasteners.

COMPONENT #3 CAPITAL: TYPE A AND TYPE B

COMPONENT #4 TIE-BEAM • Unlike the joists which are loaded transversely by the floor slabs, Tie-Beams provide adequate tying of the structure at different levels. • These are similar to Plinth-band, Lintel-band Slab-band which are obligatory for masonry construction in different seismic zones. • The hollow H -Shape of the tie beam make reinforcement bars pass through the same, which are anchored in the column units, and finally embedded in cement mortar.

COMPONENT #4 TIE-BEAM

COMPONENT #5 WALL PANEL: TYPE A AND TYPE B • Hollow wall units are not merely the conventional hollow blocks used in construction. • These are designed with keys for getting proper sliding and fitting in the column units to prevent its dislocation during seismic movement. • The total width of these units are confined to 150 mm for making a wall without any projection or offset with the other units of the system making the houses more elegant and maintenance-free.

COMPONENT #5 WALL PANEL: TYPE A AND TYPE B • For an optimum design the wall unit, its thickness is reduced to merely 20 mm, which has been made possible by use of high strength concrete. • This gives greater durability and resistance to moisture penetration. • Due to its hollow configuration the blocks afford greater heat and sound insulation which is a very important consideration in construction of economical housing.

COMPONENT #5 WALL PANEL: TYPE A AND TYPE B

COMPONENT #6 JOIST (BEAM) • The function of a joist is to support the slab units and transfer the live loads and dead loads to the column units. • For minimizing the self load of these units, web is made as thin as possible to give it a shape of a T. • The portions of Joists near ends are specially designed for suitability of connection with the Corbel unit. • Similarly at the top of the unit a special fastening strip is provided for connection of slab units to prevent segregation during seismic activities. • Joists are manufactured in different lengths to offer flexibility in selecting the room dimensions.

COMPONENT #6 JOIST (BEAM)

COMPONENT #7 SLAB PANEL • These units are supported on joists and cover the space of the room. • For ease of construction, these are manufactured in width of 250 mm and joints are filled with non shrink polymer grout. • Finally a layer of in-situ IPS with chicken-mesh with integrated water proofing compound is laid for sealing the joints and serving as backing for desired flooring. • Slab units are adequately reinforced to avoid cracking.

COMPONENT #7 SLAB PANEL

AGREEMENT WITH BUILDING CODES • As per the NBC (National Building Code), the components have been developed to meet the specified nominal lengths. • Each element of the precast kit is designed to withstand the loads specified by BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards). • In addition to normal loads, the elements have been designed to withstand stresses during handling, transport and construction. • The structure as a whole is checked for stability and strength during wind and seismic forces also. • The concept considers modular planning, component sizes, joints, manufacturing, storage, transportation, and construction. • It can redesign to comply with a given country's building code and specific needs.

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES • Good architectural design not only satisfies the needs (Physical and Psychological) of the user, but also is made easily affordable to him. • Design should also take good care of influence of social order and cultural conditions at given point in time. • Simultaneously it should also accommodate the Technological advancement. With these parameters and a set of other relevant issues, this concept of a prefab house was evolved. • All the aspects were incorporated right at the design inception stage so that the entire building or complex of building built within system is conceived in totality-in terms of architectural expression, structural design, function, etc.

BUILDING DESIGN • Building design meets or exceeds following specifications for architectural excellence: • Economy in cost, efficiency in design, reduction in time. • Aesthetically satisfying designs. • Possible to break monotony and unappealing appearance. • In group housing, each unit can be designed to give individual character, to affect better performance and greater user satisfaction. • Satisfies user's primary needs and aspirations of users. • Can be constructed anywhere, can perform equally in any geographical location and any climatic zones.

BUILDING DESIGN • Through endless possibilities in designs, there is scope for user's inception. • Possible to introduce finishes and architectural treatment for the creations of a particular architectural character in individual building and in group of buildings by use of color, textures, recesses etc. • Building components can be treated as architectural elements and various treatments can be given for better overall performance and appearance. • Exterior-Interior can be natural cement finish; color can be light gray or painted as per user's specifications with cement paint.

COMPONENTS OF PRE-ENGINEERED SYSTEMS • Components of pre-engineered Building Systems are designed to give: • Clear span of 1. 8 m to 6. 3 m. Larger span is possible with this system using steel components • Interior height 2. 7 m to 3. 3 m. Higher interior heights can be catered on special jobs. Ground and one storey structures can be built • Plinth height of 300/450/600 mm.

QUALITY, ECONOMY AND SPEED COMPARISON • Description

FEATURES • Any type and size of building is possible. • Extension as well as expansion is simple. Ground plus one floor structure is possible. • The components are light weight, can be easily handled. • No special machinery, like crane, is required for its construction. • No Skilled labour is required and cost of technical supervision is minimized. • Minimum Water and Mortar are required for component assembly, which allows them to be laid faster and adaptable in water scarcity areas.

FEATURES • Hollow wall block keep house cool in summer and warm in winter and provide adequate sound insulation. • Can withstand earthquake tremors and cyclonic winds upto 180 km/hour • Superior concrete is used in manufacturing. All the components as designed as per specifications of National Building Codes • Plastering may be avoided. • All types of roofing profiles, i. e. Flat, Sloping, etc. is possible. • Highly water resistance. • Concealed as well as open plumbing and electrification is possible in the system. • Noiseless construction.

USES • Mass Housing • Schools • Meeting Halls • Factory and Industrial Structures • Site Offices • Kiosks and Telecom Structures • Toilets, compound walls etc.