Advanced Baseline Imager ABI the ppt Evolving the

Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) the ppt: Evolving the Geosynchronous Imagers Timothy J. Schmit NOAA/NESDIS/ORA Advanced Satellite Products Team (ASPT) in Madison, Wisconsin in collaboration with the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) UW-Madison

Current GOES Imagers -- a wide variety of Applications Oceanographic Weather Hydrology/ Land Surface Numerical Weather Prediction Natural Hazards Climate UW

While there a great number of uses of current GOES Imager data, there are limitations of the instruments designed in the 1980 s – Regional/Hemispheric scan conflicts – Low spatial resolution – Missing spectral bands Only GOES-R can address these deficiencies

The Advance Baseline Imager: ABI Current Spatial resolution Visible (0. 64 m) All other bands 0. 5 km 2 km Approx. 1 km Approx. 4 km Spatial coverage Full disk CONUS 4 per hour 12 per hour Every 3 hours 4 per hour Yes No 12+ bands 5 bands Operation during eclipse Spectral Coverage

Visible and near-IR channels the proposed ABI “Blue-Green-Red” bands used for true color images.

MODIS Bands 1/4/3 (0. 65, 0. 555, 0. 47 μm) Bahamas Mississippi River Delta “True color” examples from MODIS show clouds, suspended sediment, smoke, land features, etc. http: //rapidfire. sci. gsfc. nasa. gov/gallery

IR channels on the current GOES and the proposed ABI UW-Madison/CIMSS

ABI Bands Current GOES Imagers

ABI Bands Current GOES Imagers MSG or Sounder

ABI Bands Current GOES Imagers MSG or Sounder MODIS or MTG etc These bands will lead to both improved and new products.

ABI spatial coverage rate versus the current GOES Imager ABI coverage in 5 minutes (goal) GOES coverage in 5 minutes The anticipated schedule for ABI will be full disk images every 15 minutes plus CONUS images every 5 minutes.

MODIS 0. 25 km MODIS 1 km Lake Effect Snow Bands: Visible MODIS 0. 5 km 19 January 2001, 1720 UTC GOES-8 1 km

MODIS (1 km) Severe convection: IR windows 25 February 2001 The simulated ABI clearly captures the over-shooting (cold) cloud tops, while the current GOES Imager does not. Images shown in GOES projection. ABI (2 km) GOES-8 (4 km)

Cloud Thermodynamic Phase 21 April, 2001 at 1745 UTC ARM Southern Great Plains Site Mixed BTD[8. 5 -11] and BT[11] consistent with mixed ice and water phase clouds, supercooled water cloud, overlapped clouds Kansas Oklahoma

Volcanic Ash Plume: 11 -12 and 8. 5 -11 μm images One day after the eruption 20 February 2001, 0845 UTC 8. 5 μm data allows better depiction of the thin volcanic Ash Plume Simulated ABI (11 -12 μm) Simulated ABI (8. 5 -11 μm) UW/CIMSS

“True color” example from MODIS of smoke, cloud and land. (MODIS Bands 1/4/3)

GOES-R and GOES-I/M Simulations of Viejas Fire Using MODIS Data: January 3, 2001 at 1900 UTC Simulated GOES-R: 3. 9 micron brightness temperatures Simulated GOES-I/M: 3. 9 micron brightness temperatures GOES-R will allow for improved characterization of fire dynamics

GOES WFABBA Monitors Rapid Intensification of Wildfires Arizona Smoke Chediski Rodeo Chediski 21: 15 UTC 18: 15 UTC 20 June 2002 16: 15 UTC Rodeo Quebec ONTARIO 6 July 2002 11: 45 UTC QUEBEC ONTARIO 17: 45 UTC QUEBEC

GOES one minute multi-spectral imagery were used to monitor variations in fire activity. Fires A and D show more variation in the observed 3. 9 micron brightness temperature indicating more unstable fires. The background conditions (lower curves) are relatively stable for all 4 fires.

Advantage of the 5 -minute imagery These images show the development of an "Enhanced-V / Warm Wake” cloud top signature -- such a satellite signature often indicates that convection will soon produce severe weather (damaging winds, large hail, or tornadoes). Click on figure to start loop 5 minute (GOES-10) 15/30 minute (GOES-8) The GOES-10 (in Rapid Scan Operations mode during its Science Test period) IR had an E-V signature first evident at 20: 55 UTC. The first tornado warning (based upon WSR-88 D radar from Sioux Falls SD) was issued at 21: 09 UTC.

Only the GOES perspective gives the needed time continuity Special ~5 -minute (infrared window) imagery from GOES-11 during the IHOP field experiment: Click on figure to start loop

ABI (3. 9 m) Based on GOES Imager Ch 2 useful for fog, snow, cloud, and fire detection 5 March 2001 - Nocturnal Fog/Stratus Over the Northern Plains GOES-10 4 minus 11 μm Difference Both images are shown in the GOES projection. ABI 4 minus 11 μm Difference Fog UW/CIMSS ABI image (from MODIS) shows greater detail in structure of fog.

Utility of the 0. 86 m band • Helps in determining vegetation amount, aerosols and for ocean/land studies. • Enables localized vegetation stress monitoring, fire danger monitoring, and albedo retrieval. • Provides synergy with the AVHRR/3. SCARB_0. 85 um

MODIS Detects Burn Scars in Louisiana 01 September 2000 -- Pre-burning 17 September 2000 -- Post-burning Burn Scars ABI will allow for diurnal characterizations of burn areas, this has implications for re-growth patterns. Scars (dark regions) caused by biomass burning in early September are evident in MODIS 250 m NIR channel 2 (0. 85 μm) imagery on the 17 th. CIMSS, UW MODIS Data from GSFC DAAC

Aviation is Weather Sensitive • • • Thunderstorms Turbulence Aircraft Icing Volcanic Ash Head/Tail Winds Clouds/Restricted Visibility New remote sensing tools (ie, ABI and HES) will help in each of these areas

ABI (11. 2 m) Based on GOES Sounder Ch 8 The many uses of the longwave infrared window: cloud images and properties, estimates of wind fields, surface properties, rainfall amounts, and hurricane and other storm location.

Satellite-derived winds will be improved with the ABI due to: - higher spatial resolution (better edge detection) - more frequent images (offers different time intervals) - better cloud height detection (with multiple bands) - new bands may allow new wind products (1. 38 m? ) - better NEd. T’s - better navigation/registration

ABI (13. 3 m) Based on GOES Sounder Ch 5 and Imager Ch 6 useful for cloud heights and heights for winds GOES-12 Imager -- Cloud Top Pressure

ABI (bottom bars) and MSG/SEVIRI (top bars) Channels EUMETSAT recently launched a 12 -band geostationary imager

Higher Resolution GOES Channels concentric anvillayer waves Enhanced “V” Actual GOES http: //cimss. ssec. wisc. edu/goes/misc/000525. html Simulated ABI (from MODIS) Enhanced “V”: IR windows May 25, 2000

New Turbulence Tools • Aircraft turbulence is caused by up and down eddies. • Higher resolution Water Vapor channels will be able to see these eddies. • New high resolution sounders (GIFTS) will be able to resolve some of these eddies. High resolutions are needed both in the vertical and horizontal dimensions. • Total Ozone can be derived from 9. 7 m data and may be related to some turbulence

Mountain Waves in WV channel 7 April 2000, 1815 UTC Simulated ABI Actual GOES-8 Mountain waves over Colorado and New Mexico were induced by strong northwesterly flow associated with a pair of upper-tropospheric jet streaks moving across the elevated terrain of the southern and central Rocky Mountains. The mountain waves appear more well-defined over Colorado; in fact, several aircraft reported moderate to severe turbulence over that region. Both images are shown in GOES projection. UW/CIMSS

Arctic (March 20 -21, 2001) Sfc Temperature NAST-I Temperature Cross Section (K) NAST-I Relative Humidity Cross Section (%) Greenwich Mean Time

Clear Turbulence? NAST Near Fairbanks AK (3/21/01; 1 -2 GMT) Temp Moisture 200 km Weak Turbulence Signatures at 150 mb Temp Downdrafts: Warm & Dry Updrafts: Cold & Moisture Strong Turbulence Signatures at 300 mb Temp Moisture No Turbulence Signatures at 500 mb

GOES Sounder Ozone and Turbulence

UW/CIMSS GOES Sounder Ozone and Turbulence

Aircraft Icing • Aircraft flying through super cooled liquid water droplets which stick to wings causing loss of lift and increased drag. • Satellites will be able to detect super cooled liquid water at cloud tops. • The 8. 5 m data will allow estimates of cloud phase both day and night.

ABI Simulations (from MODIS data) Water/Ice Clouds and Snow/Lake Ice 3 -color composite (Visible/1. 6 μm/8. 5 -11 μm) February 12, 2001 16: 27 UTC Vis/1. 6 um/8. 5 -11 um Water cloud Ice Cloud Super-Cooled cloud Lake Ice Snow UW/CIMSS

Haze Detection MODIS (True Color) GOES

A number of the visible bands (during the day) can be used to estimate smoke and aerosols. For example, the 2. 26 um band (which does not see aerosols) is used to characterize the background. 2001/221 - 08/09 at 16 : 15 UTC Abundant aerosols over Mid-Atlantic US http: //rapidfire. sci. gsfc. nasa. gov/gallery /? 2001221 -0809/Mid. Atlantic. A 2001221. 1615. 500 m. jpg The MODIS 2. 1 mm Channel - Correlation with visible reflectance for use in remote sensing of aerosol. Kaufman, Y. J. , A. E. Wald, L. A. Remer, B. - C. Gao, R. - R. Li and L. Flynn, IEEE Trans. Geo, 35, 1286 -1298, 1997.

Real-Time Aerosol Transport Model Assimilation of the Wildfire ABBA Fire Product Using the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) FIRES GOES-8 Wildfire ABBA fire product for the Pacific Northwest Date: August 17, 2001 Time: 2200 UTC Smoke NAAPS Model Aerosol Analysis for the continental U. S. Date: August 18, 2001 Time: 1200 UTC

“Red” band simulated from AVIRIS data: 0. 577_0. 696_um

“Green” band simulated from AVIRIS data: 0. 537_0. 567 um Smoke

“Blue” band simulated from AVIRIS data: 0. 439_0. 498 um Smoke

“Red-Green-Blue” composite band simulated from AVIRIS

“ 2. 2” band simulated from AVIRIS data: 2. 232_2. 291 um Fires

Summary -- ABI addresses NWS Imager concerns by: • increasing spatial resolution - closer to NWS goal of 0. 5 km IR • scanning faster - temporal sampling improved - more regions scanned • adding bands - new and/or improved products enabled Simulations (from MODIS and AVIRIS) of the ABI show that the 12+ channel version addresses NWS requirements for improved cloud, moisture, and surface products. Every product that is being produced from the current GOES imager will be improved with data from the ABI! Plus, ABI will allow exciting new products from geostationary orbit.