Advanced Adsorption Technologies Adsorption Fundamentals Adsorption Accumulation of

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Advanced Adsorption Technologies

Advanced Adsorption Technologies

Adsorption Fundamentals • Adsorption: Accumulation of fluid on the adsorbent surface • Adsorbent: The

Adsorption Fundamentals • Adsorption: Accumulation of fluid on the adsorbent surface • Adsorbent: The solid on which adsorbate adsorbed • Adsorbate: The fluid which is in contact with adsorbent • Adsorptive: fluid in bulk phase • Absorption: A process involving bulk penetration of gas into the structure of solid or liquid which is usually associated with an increase in the bulk volume

Macropore: d≥ 50 Mesopore: 50 nm≤d ≤ 2 nm Micropore: d ≤ 2 nm

Macropore: d≥ 50 Mesopore: 50 nm≤d ≤ 2 nm Micropore: d ≤ 2 nm

Conventional fixed bed Adsorption

Conventional fixed bed Adsorption

Moving bed Adsorption

Moving bed Adsorption

Pressure Swing Adsorption Regeneration in PSA is done by reducing PP of adsorbate by

Pressure Swing Adsorption Regeneration in PSA is done by reducing PP of adsorbate by 1. Reduction in total pressure of system 2. Using inert gas (for purging) while maintaining Total P of system constant 3. In most of the PSA systems combination of above two used.

Applications of PSA Nitrogen/oxygen separation Zeolites: N 2 is adsorbed more strongly than O

Applications of PSA Nitrogen/oxygen separation Zeolites: N 2 is adsorbed more strongly than O 2 so as a product 96% O 2 can be obtained. Molecule sieves: 97% O 2 product.

Temperature Swing Adsorption

Temperature Swing Adsorption

TSA

TSA

Slurry Adsorption

Slurry Adsorption

Fluidized bed for Adsorption & Moving bed for Desorption TSA Concept

Fluidized bed for Adsorption & Moving bed for Desorption TSA Concept

Chromatography • What is chromatography? The separation of a mixture by distribution of its

Chromatography • What is chromatography? The separation of a mixture by distribution of its components between a mobile and stationary phase over time – mobile phase = solvent – stationary phase = column packing material

Detector Signal Chromatogram - Detector signal vs. retention time or volume 1 2 time

Detector Signal Chromatogram - Detector signal vs. retention time or volume 1 2 time or volume

Purpose of Chromatography • Analytical - determine chemical composition of a sample • Preparative

Purpose of Chromatography • Analytical - determine chemical composition of a sample • Preparative - purify and collect one or more components of a sample • Separation

Classification of Methods – Based on mobile phase – Based on attractive forces

Classification of Methods – Based on mobile phase – Based on attractive forces

Mobile Phase • • gas (GC) water (LC) organic solvent (LC) supercritical fluid (SCFC)

Mobile Phase • • gas (GC) water (LC) organic solvent (LC) supercritical fluid (SCFC)

Classification based on Mobile Phase, cont. . Gas Chromatography Gas - solid Gas -

Classification based on Mobile Phase, cont. . Gas Chromatography Gas - solid Gas - liquid Stationary Phase Pyrolysis GC heat solid materials to 500 - 10000 C so they decompose into gaseous products Sample MUST be volatile at temperatures BELOW 3500 C

Classification based on Mobile Phase, cont. . Liquid chromatography (LC) Column (gravity flow) High

Classification based on Mobile Phase, cont. . Liquid chromatography (LC) Column (gravity flow) High performance (pressure flow) Thin layer (adsorption)

Classification based on Attractive Forces • Adsorption - for polar non-ionic compounds • Ion

Classification based on Attractive Forces • Adsorption - for polar non-ionic compounds • Ion Exchange - for ionic compounds – Anion - analyte is anion; bonded phase has positive charge – Cation – analyte is cation; bonded phase has negative charge • Partition - based on the relative solubility of analyte in mobile and stationary phases – Normal – analyte is nonpolar organic; stationary phase MORE polar than the mobile phase – Reverse – analyte is polar organic; stationary phase LESS polar than the mobile phase • Size Exclusion - stationary phase is a porous matrix; sieving

Detectors • • UV-vis Refractive Index (RI) Mass spectrometry (MS) Electrochemical (EC) – amperometric

Detectors • • UV-vis Refractive Index (RI) Mass spectrometry (MS) Electrochemical (EC) – amperometric • NMR - novel

Industrial Scale Chromatography Maxi High Performance Counter Current Chromatography For Protein Separation

Industrial Scale Chromatography Maxi High Performance Counter Current Chromatography For Protein Separation

4. 6 m dia & 12 m ht Batch Elution Chromatography

4. 6 m dia & 12 m ht Batch Elution Chromatography