Advanced Accounting by Debra Jeter and Paul Chaney

Advanced Accounting by Debra Jeter and Paul Chaney Chapter 7: Elimination of Unrealized Gains or Losses on Intercompany Sales of Property and Equipment Slides Authored by Hannah Wong, Ph. D. Rutgers University 7 -0

Intercompany Sales of Land (Nondepreciable Property) Parent Company Land Downstream Sale Upstream Sale Subsidiary 7 -1

Financial Reporting Objectives l To defer unrealized intercompany gains or losses until such property is sold to parties outside the affiliated group l To present such property in the consolidated balance sheet at its cost to the affiliated group 7 -2

Upstream Sales - Land An Example Purchased land for $300, 000 80% owned Subsidiary Sells land for $500, 000 Parent Company Sells to outside party for $550, 000 years later S records gain on sale of land of $200, 000 7 -3

Upstream Sales - Land Cost and Partial Equity Methods Year of Intercompany Sale - EE Gain on sale of land Land To exclude the unrealized gain from consolidated net income 200, 000 To reduce the land to its historical cost paid by the selling affiliate 7 -4

Upstream Sales - Land Cost and Partial Equity Methods Years after Intercompany Sale - EE Parent’s share of the unrealized gain Beginning R/E - P ($200, 000 x 80%) Beginning R/E - S ($200, 000 x 20%) Land Noncontrolling interests’ share of the unrealized gain 160, 000 40, 000 200, 000 To reduce the land to its historical cost paid by the selling affiliate 7 -5

Upstream Sales - Land Cost and Partial Equity Methods Year of Sale to Outside Party - EE Parent’s share of the unrealized gain Beginning R/E - P ($200, 000 x 80%) Beginning R/E - S ($200, 000 x 20%) Gain on sale of land Noncontrolling interests’ share of the unrealized gain 160, 000 40, 000 200, 000 To record intercompany gain on sale of land, which is realized in the current year 7 -6

Upstream Sales - Land Complete Equity Method Year of Intercompany Sales - Journal Entry Equity in subsidiary income Investment in S 160, 000 To exclude the parent’s share of the unrealized gain from equity in subsidiary income 7 -7

Upstream Sales - Land Complete Equity Method Year of Intercompany Sale - EE Gain on sale of land Land To exclude the unrealized gain from consolidated net income 200, 000 To reduce the land to its historical cost paid by the selling affiliate 7 -8

Upstream Sales - Land Complete Equity Method Years after Intercompany Sale - EE Investment in S Beginning retained earnings - S Land Noncontrolling interests’ share of the unrealized gain Parent’s share of the unrealized gain 160, 000 40, 000 200, 000 To reduce the land to its historical cost paid by the selling affiliate 7 -9

Upstream Sales - Land Complete Equity Method Year of Sale to Outside Party - EE Investment in S Beginning retained earnings - S Gain on sale of land Noncontrolling interests’ share of the unrealized gain Parent’s share of the unrealized gain 160, 000 40, 000 200, 000 To record intercompany gain on sale of land, which is realized in the current year 7 - 10

Intercompany Sales Depreciable Property Parent Company Machinery, Equipment or Building Downstream Sale Upstream Sale Subsidiary 7 - 11

Financial Reporting Objectives l To defer unrealized intercompany gains or losses until such property is sold to parties outside the affiliated group l To present the depreciable property and related accounts (accumulated depreciation and depreciation expense) in the consolidated balance sheet based on its historical cost to the affiliated group 7 - 12

Downstream Sales - Equipment An Example Purchased equipment for $1, 350, 000 Parent Company Sold on 1/1/2002 for $900, 000 Parent has recorded $600, 000 Acc. Dep. On the equipment 90% owned Subsidiary Equipment has remaining useful life of 3 years Note: it is the parent who records the intercompany profit, thus the parent’s income needs to be adjusted in consolidation 7 - 13

Downstream Sales - Equipment All Methods Year of Intercompany Sale The Equipment EE To restore the equipment to its historical cost Equipment (1, 350, 000 -900, 000) 450, 000 Gain on sale of equipment 150, 000 Accumulated depreciation 600, 000 To eliminate the unrealized gain To restore the accumulated depreciation to its balance on the date of intercompany sale 7 - 14

Downstream Sales - Equipment All Methods Year of Intercompany Sale The Depreciation EE Accumulated Depreciation Expense 50, 000 To adjust depreciation expense from the recorded amount to the amount based on the original historical cost of equipment 7 - 15

Downstream Sales - Equipment Cost or Partial Equity Methods Years after Intercompany Sale The Equipment EE Equipment (1, 350, 000 -900, 000) Beginning retained earnings - P Accumulated depreciation To eliminate the unrealized gain To restore the equipment to its historical cost 450, 000 150, 000 600, 000 To restore the accumulated depreciation to its balance on the date of intercompany sale 7 - 16

Downstream Sales - Equipment Cost or Partial Equity Methods Years after Intercompany Sale The Depreciation EE Accumulated Depreciation Beginning retained earnings - P Depreciation Expense Adjustment to prior years’ depreciation expense 100, 000 50, 000 Adjustment to current year’s depreciation expense 7 - 17

Downstream Sales - Equipment Complete Equity Methods Years after Intercompany Sale The Equipment EE Equipment (1, 350, 000 -900, 000) Investment in S 150, 000 Accumulated depreciation To eliminate the unrealized gain from the investment account To restore the equipment to its historical cost 450, 000 600, 000 To restore the accumulated depreciation to its balance on the date of intercompany sale 7 - 18

Downstream Sales - Equipment Complete Equity Methods Years after Intercompany Sale The Depreciation EE Accumulated Depreciation Investment in S Depreciation Expense Adjustment to prior years’ depreciation expense 100, 000 50, 000 Adjustment to current year’s depreciation expense 7 - 19

Upstream Sales - Equipment An Example Purchased equipment for 90% owned Subsidiary $800, 000 Sold on 1/1/2002 for $600, 000 Subsidiary has recorded $300, 000 Acc. Dep. on the equipment Parent Company Equipment has remaining useful life of 5 years Note: it is the subsidiary who records the intercompany profit, thus the subsidiary’s income needs to be adjusted in consolidation 7 - 20

Upstream Sales - Equipment Cost and Partial Equity Methods Year of Intercompany Sale The Equipment EE To restore the equipment to its historical cost Equipment (1, 350, 000 -900, 000) 450, 000 Gain on sale of equipment 150, 000 Accumulated depreciation 600, 000 To eliminate the unrealized gain To restore the accumulated depreciation to its balance on the date of intercompany sale 7 - 21

Upstream Sales - Equipment Cost and Partial Equity Methods Year of Intercompany Sale The Depreciation EE Accumulated Depreciation Expense 50, 000 To adjust depreciation expense from the recorded amount to the amount based on the original historical cost of equipment 7 - 22

Upstream Sales - Equipment Cost and Partial Equity Methods Years after Intercompany Sale The Equipment EE To eliminate the parent’s and noncontrolling interests’ shares of unrealized gain recorded in prior years Beginning retained earnings - P Beginning retained earnings - S Equipment (800, 000 -600, 000) Accumulated depreciation To restore the equipment to its historical cost 85, 000 15, 000 200, 000 300, 000 To restore the accumulated depreciation to its balance on the date of intercompany sale 7 - 23

Upstream Sales - Equipment Cost and Partial Equity Methods Years after Intercompany Sale The Depreciation EE Accumulated Depreciation Expense Beginning retained earnings - P Adjustment to prior years’ depreciation expense 40, 000 20, 000 17, 000 3, 000 Adjustment to current year’s depreciation expense 7 - 24

Upstream Sales - Equipment Cost and Partial Equity Methods Disposal of Equipment by Purchasing Affiliate The Disposal EE Beginning retained earnings - P Beginning retained earnings - S Gain on sale of equipment 51, 000 9, 000 60, 000 To include the intercompany profit, which is realized i in the current year, in consolidated NI 7 - 25

Upstream Sales - Equipment Cost and Partial Equity Methods Noncontrolling Interest in Income Reported income of S Unrealized gain on upstream-sale of equipment Depreciation adjustment (gain realized through usage) Upstream-sale unrealized profit in ending inventory Upstream-sale realized profit in beginning inventory Adjusted NI of S x Noncontrolling % Noncontrolling interest in income 7 - 26

Upstream Sales - Equipment Cost and Partial Equity Methods Controlling Interest in Income Downstream-sale profit in ending inventory Unrealized gain on downstream-sale of equipment Amortization of purchase differential Reported income of P Downstream-sale realized profit in beginning inventory Depreciation adjustment (gain realized through usage) (Adjusted NI of S) x (P %) Consolidated income 7 - 27

Upstream Sales - Equipment Cost and Partial Equity Methods Consolidated Retained Earnings P% x (Upstream-sale profit in P’s ending inventory) Downstream-sale profit in S’s ending inventory P% x (Unrealized gain on upstream-sale of equipment) Unrealized gain on downstream sale of equipment Accumulative amortization of purchase differential Reported R/E of P P’s share of increase in S R/E since acquisition Consolidated R/E 7 - 28

Downstream Sales - Equipment Complete Equity Method Year of Intercompany Sale - JE The Gain JE: Equity in subsidiary income Investment in S 85, 000 to adjust subsidiary income downward for the unrealized gain on sale of equipment The Depreciation JE: Investment in S Equity in subsidiary income 17, 000 to adjust subsidiary income upward for the gain realized through usage 7 - 29

Downstream Sales - Equipment Complete Equity Method Year of Intercompany Sale - EE The Equipment EE Equipment Gain on sale of equipment Accumulated depreciation To eliminate the unrealized gain To restore the equipment to its historical cost 100, 000 200, 000 300, 000 To restore the accumulated depreciation to its balance on the date of intercompany sale 7 - 30

Downstream Sales - Equipment Complete Equity Method Year of Intercompany Sale - EE The Depreciation EE Accumulated Depreciation Expense 250, 000 20, 000 To adjust depreciation expense from the recorded amount to the amount based on the original historical cost of equipment 7 - 31

Downstream Sales - EE Complete Equity Method Years after Intercompany Sale - EE To eliminate the unrealized gain from the investment account and 1/1 R/E - S The Equipment EE Investment in S Beginning retained earnings - S Equipment Accumulated depreciation To restore the equipment to its historical cost 85, 000 15, 000 200, 000 300, 000 To restore the accumulated depreciation to its balance on the date of intercompany sale 7 - 32

Downstream Sales - EE Complete Equity Method Years after Intercompany Sale - EE The Depreciation EE Accumulated Depreciation Investment in S Beginning retained earnings - S Depreciation Expense Adjustment to prior years’ depreciation expense 40, 000 17, 000 3, 000 20, 000 Adjustment to current year’s depreciation expense 7 - 33

Downstream Sales - EE Complete Equity Method Disposal of Equipment by Purchasing Affiliate The Disposal JE: Investment in S 51, 000 Equity in subsidiary income 51, 000 To adjust subsidiary income upward for the realized intercompany gain on sale of equipment 7 - 34

Downstream Sales - EE Complete Equity Method Disposal of Equipment by Purchasing Affiliate The Disposal EE Investment in S Beginning retained earnings - S Gain on sale of equipment 51, 000 9, 000 60, 000 To include the intercompany profit, which is realized i in the current year, in consolidated NI 7 - 35

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