ADS Accelerator Program in China Weimin Pan Institute

ADS Accelerator Program in China Weimin Pan Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS Beijing, China (TTC, Dec. 5, 2011) 1

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Road map of ADS in China 3. key technology R&D for ADS accelerator at Phase I 4. Summary 2

1. Introduction 3

Nuclear Power in China • Until Sept. 2009 – Operation reactor 11 sets，total power 9. 1 GWe; – Constructing reactor 24 sets，total power 25. 4 GWe，is the largest construction scale in the world; • According some estimation: – >70 GWe NPP in operation and 30 GWe NPP under construction; >5% ratio of NP to total electricity in 2020 – ~10% ratio of NP to total electricity in 2030 – in 2050, >400 GWe NPP may be more than total nuclear power in the world right now ! 4

Ø Nuclear waste is a bottleneck for nuclear power development. Ø ADS has been recognized as a good option for nuclear waste transmutation. Ø As a long-term program, ADS R&D has been supported by CAS. Ø Budget requested of ADS R&D (Phase I) has been approved by government. 5

2. Road map of ADS in China 6

General principle discription of ADS Proton Neutron Proton Linear Accelerator Liquid Metal Target Reactor (Pb. Bi coolant ) 7

General parameters of ADS Proton Energy 1. 5 Ge. V Current 10 m. A Beam power 15 MW Frequency 162. 5/325/650 MHz Duty factor 100 % Beam loss <1 W/m <25000 <25 1 s<t<10 s 10 s<t<5 m t>5 m Beam trip/year

Road map of ADS development

Basic Organization CAS Leader IHEP， CAS IMP， CAS (Proton Accelerator) (Target & Accelerator) Physics design group RFQ group ECR ion source group Hefei Institutes Physical Science, CAS (Reactor) Spoke cavity group ……, 20 groups 10

Generally, IHEP, as leading institute, is in charge of ADS proton accelerator. Ø Injector I and II are being studied by IHEP and IMP respectively, the different technical ways are adopted in two institutes. Ø The main accelerator with 10～ 50 Me. V will be established by IHEP as leading institute. 11

Target of R&D (Phase I) in accelerator ü Verify the feasibility of preliminary design for accelerator with low energy through joint study on key technologies: Øbeam dynamics Øsc cavities, high power couplers Øion source with high beam Øsolid state RF power source Øcryogenic system ØRFQ with CW Øbeam diagnostic system Ødigital power source …… 12

Status of R&D of high power proton accelerator（IHEP/IMP） Ø 3. 5 Me. V RFQ has been commissioned at IHEP with the ECR ion source, the LEBT and a post beam line for diagnostics. 北京强流RFQ加速器 A four-vane RFQ with a total length of 4. 8 m long at 352 MHz. Pulse : ≥ 7%, beam energy: 3. 54 Me. V, beam current: 45 m. A. 13

Ø ECR ion source (IMP, Lanzhou) 兰州强流质子ECR离子源 14

SC lab for vertical test & surface treatment Cryogenic Plant SC lab of 230 m 2 BEPCII Storage Ring Helium Cycling System will be built for SRF Lab soon to make the vertical test cheaper and easier. 15 15

SC Laboratory equipments 16

Progress of multi-cell superconducting cavity in IHEP (1. 3 GHz ILC type, large grain) 17

First vertical test result 18

Progress of 500 MHz superconducting cavity in IHEP (BEPCII spare ) 19

Q 0 ~ Eacc （Vc）of H. T. for BEPCII Spare Cavity 20

High power test of input coupler Window & Inner conductor High power test of input coupler ≥ 420 k. W 22

Cryostat for BEPCII spare cavity 23

Cryomodule named PXFEL 1 was passed the cryogenic test at DESY in July. 2009. 24

3. R&D of key technologies of ADS accelerator at Phase I I. A high intensity RFQ with CW II. Low and Medium beta SC cavities 25

Main RFQ design parameters Study on RFQ with CW , based on the 352 MHz pulsed RFQ Parameters Value Frequency (MHz) 325 Injection energy (ke. V) 35 Output energy (Me. V) 3. 2128 Pulsed beam current (m. A) 15 Beam duty factor 100% Inter-vane voltage V (k. V) 55 Beam transmission 98. 7% Average bore radius r 0 (mm) 2. 775 Vane tip curvature (mm) 2. 775 r / r 0 1. 0 Maximum surface field (MV/m) 28. 88 (1. 62 Kilp. ) Cavity power dissipation (k. W) 272. 94 [1. 4* Psuperfish (194. 96)] Total power (k. W) 320. 94 Avg. Copper power/Length (k. W/m) 41. 68 Avg. Copper power/Area (k. W/cm 2) 3. 25 Max. copper power/Area (k. W/cm 2) 3. 77 Input norm. rms emittance(x, y, z)(πmm. mrad) 0. 2/0 Output norm. rms emittance(x/y/z) (πmm. mrad/Mevdeg) 0. 2/0. 0612 Vane length (cm) 467. 75 Gap 1(entrance) (cm) 1. 10 Gap 2(exit) (cm) 1. 10 Accelerator length (cm) 469. 95

R&D for the superconducting cavities For IHEP, only spoke cavity will be studied and fabricated in Phase I. 27

Structure design of Spoke 012 Main structure sizes: • Lcav: 170 mm • Liris: 74 mm, iris to iris 长度 • W: 89 mm, Spoke 宽度 • T: 29 mm, Spoke 厚度 • Dbeam: 35 mm, 束管直径 • Dcav: 438 mm, 腔体直径 28

4. Summary Ø CAS has started ADS program, and being to speed up ADS from the present basic study to DEMO facility for nuclear waste transmutation. Ø The R&D of key technologies in high intensity proton accelerator for ADS is underway. Ø There are many common interests in the high power proton acceleration technology for the accelerator Labs in the world. Close international cooperation's are looking forward. 29

Thank you very much for your attention ! 30