ADP ATP and Cellular Respiration Copyright Cmassengale What

ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Copyright Cmassengale

What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells ______________ Organic molecule containing high_____ Phosphate bonds Copyright Cmassengale

Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar Copyright Cmassengale

What Does ATP Do for You? It supplies YOU with ____! Copyright Cmassengale

How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the highenergy bonds between the __________ in ATP Copyright Cmassengale

What is the Process Called? HYDROLYSIS (Adding H 2 O) H 2 O Copyright Cmassengale

How Does That Happen? An Enzyme! Copyright Cmassengale

How is ATP Re-Made? The reverse of the previous process occurs. Another Enzyme is used! ATP _____ Copyright Cmassengale

The ADP-ATP Cycle ATP Synthetase ATP-ase Copyright Cmassengale

When is ATP Made in the Body? During a Process called ___________ that takes place in both Plants & Animals Copyright Cmassengale

Cellular Respiration l l Includes pathways that require oxygen Glucose is oxidized and O 2 is reduced Glucose breakdown is therefore an oxidation-reduction reaction Breakdown of one glucose results in 36 to 38 ATP molecules Copyright Cmassengale

Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 YIELDS 6 CO 2 + 6 H 20 + e- + 36 -38 ATP’s Copyright Cmassengale

What Type of Process is Cellular Respiration? l An Oxidation-Reduction Process or REDOX Reaction l Oxidation of GLUCOSE --> CO 2 + H 2 O (e- removed from C 6 H 12 O 6) l Reduction O 2 to H 2 O (epassed to O 2) Copyright Cmassengale

What Carries the Electrons? l _____ (nicotinadenine dinucleotide) acts as the energy carrier l NAD+ is a coenzyme l It’s Reduced to NADH when it picks up two electrons and one Copyright Cmassengale hydrogen ion

Are There Any Other Electron Carriers? l YES! Another Coenzyme! l FAD+ (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) l Reduced to FADH 2 Copyright Cmassengale

Other Cellular Respiration Facts l Metabolic Pathway that breaks down carbohydrates l Process is Exergonic as High-energy Glucose is broken into ___and___ l Process is also Catabolic because larger Glucose breaks into smaller molecules Copyright Cmassengale

What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration? l _____________ Copyright Cmassengale

Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place? l It actually takes place in two parts of the cell: Glycolysis occurs in the ____ Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the _____Copyright Cmassengale

Diagram of the Process Occurs across Cristae Occurs in Cytoplasm Occurs in Matrix Copyright Cmassengale

Glycolysis Summary Takes place in the Cytoplasm Anaerobic (_________) Requires input of 2 ATP Glucose split into two molecules of Pyruvate or Pyruvic Acid Copyright Cmassengale

Glycolysis Summary Also produces 2 NADH • Pyruvate is oxidized to and CO 2 is removed • Copyright Cmassengale and 4 ATP Acetyl Co. A

Glycolysis Diagram Copyright Cmassengale

Fermentation v Occurs when O 2 NOT present (anaerobic) v. Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired) v. Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol) v. Nets only 2 ATP Copyright Cmassengale

A Little Krebs Cycle History Discovered by Hans Krebs in 1937 l He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1953 for his discovery l Forced to leave Germany prior to WWII because he was Jewish Copyright Cmassengale l

Krebs Cycle Summary l Requires ______ (Aerobic) l Cyclical series of oxidation reactions that give off CO 2 and produce one ATP per cycle l Produces _____ l Takes place in ___________ Copyright Cmassengale

Krebs Cycle Summary l Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces 3 NADH, 1 FADH 2, and 2 CO 2 l Therefore, For each Glucose molecule, the Krebs Cycle produces 6 NADH, 2 FADH 2, 4 CO 2, and 2 ATP Copyright Cmassengale

Krebs Cycle ATP Copyright Cmassengale NETS: 3 NADH, 1 ATP, 1 FADH , & 2 CO

Electron Transport Chain Summary l ________ l ______ Produced l Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial membrane l Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ to accept e- from glucose l NADH = 3 ATP’s l FADH 2 = 2 ATP’s Copyright Cmassengale