ADP and ATP What Is ATP Adenosine Triphosphate

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ADP and ATP

ADP and ATP

What Is ATP? Adenosine Triphosphate - the compound used by living things to get

What Is ATP? Adenosine Triphosphate - the compound used by living things to get cellular work done. What is ADP? Adenosine Diphosphate

What do you mean by ‘cellular work’? 1) Cell Movement 2) Protein synthesis 3)

What do you mean by ‘cellular work’? 1) Cell Movement 2) Protein synthesis 3) Active Transport (Low to high concentration across membrane)

Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar

Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar

ATP Adenosine triphosphate tri P + P P - ribose adenine JOB ene ---

ATP Adenosine triphosphate tri P + P P - ribose adenine JOB ene --- stor rgy e& re leas e

ADP Adenosine diphosphate di + P P - ribose adenine JOB -stor - energ

ADP Adenosine diphosphate di + P P - ribose adenine JOB -stor - energ e y Pho d by ad can be s d ATP phate. . ing ano and t beco her min g

ATP-ADP Cycle

ATP-ADP Cycle

+ + Releasing energy Storing energy - - ATP ADP P Releasing energy P

+ + Releasing energy Storing energy - - ATP ADP P Releasing energy P Storing energy P P P ribose adenine

How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the highenergy bonds between the

How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the highenergy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP

What is the name of the process by which water is added to ATP

What is the name of the process by which water is added to ATP to break off a phosphate group and release energy? HYDROLYSIS ! (To break apart by adding water)

Is anything else required for hydrolysis other than water? Yes…An Enzyme!

Is anything else required for hydrolysis other than water? Yes…An Enzyme!

How is ATP Re-Made? Dehydration Synthesis (To build by removing water. ) Another Enzyme!

How is ATP Re-Made? Dehydration Synthesis (To build by removing water. ) Another Enzyme! ATP Synthase

The ATP – ADP Cycle

The ATP – ADP Cycle

A Reversible Chemical Reaction Process: Hydrolysis ATP ADP + Pi Enzyme = ATPase Process:

A Reversible Chemical Reaction Process: Hydrolysis ATP ADP + Pi Enzyme = ATPase Process: Dehydration Synthesis ADP + Pi ATP Enzyme = ATP Synthase

Where does the energy come from to make ATP in animals? Answer: Food! Your

Where does the energy come from to make ATP in animals? Answer: Food! Your body is constantly gleaning chemical energy from food molecules and transferring the energy to ATP by a process called… Cellular Respiration. All living things perform this process in some form.

Where does the energy come from to make ATP in plants? Answer: The Sun!

Where does the energy come from to make ATP in plants? Answer: The Sun! Plants are working during daylight hours to convert the light energy of the Sun into the chemical energy of ATP. This process is called… Photosynthesis Only photoautotrophs perform this process.

Some organisms are autotrophs and others are heterotrophs. Autotrophs Make their own food •

Some organisms are autotrophs and others are heterotrophs. Autotrophs Make their own food • with light – photoautotrophs • with chemicals -- chemoautotrophs Heterotrophs Cannot make their own food They get their energy by the foods they eat

 • Carbohydrates – most commonly broken down to make ATP. – not stored

• Carbohydrates – most commonly broken down to make ATP. – not stored in large amounts – up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule • Lipids – store the most energy. – 80% of energy in your body – About 146 ATP from a triglyceride • Proteins – least likely to be broken down to make ATP. – amino acids not usually needed for energy – about the same amount of energy as a carb.