ADOLF HITLER Hitler had fought as a corporal

ADOLF HITLER • Hitler had fought as a corporal in World War I. • He blamed Germany’s defeat on traitors, cowards, Jews, and communist. • He despised the Treaty of Versailles and its terms.

THE NAZI PARTY • The Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party), led by Adolf Hitler, gained power in Germany in the late 1920 s and early 1930 s, because the democratic government was ineffective.

DER FUHRER • In 1933, Hitler became the chancellor of Germany and soon gained unlimited power. • Hitler took the title of “Der Fuhrer” or the leader.

MEIN KAMPF “MY STRUGGLE” • In 1923 the Nazi party tried to overthrow the Weimar government, it failed and Hitler was thrown into prison • In prison Hitler wrote his political views in a book “Mein Kampf”. • He blamed Communist and Jews for Germany’s problems.

Mein Kampf Quotes • Mankind has grown great in eternal struggle, and only in eternal peace does it perish. • -Adolf Hitler (Mein Kampf)

MORE QUOTES • Sooner will a camel pass through a needle's eye than a great man be 'discovered' by an election. • -Adolf Hitler with his twist on Mark 10: 25 (Mein Kampf) • Verily a man cannot serve two masters. And I consider the foundation or destruction of a religion far greater than the foundation or destruction of a state, let alone a party. • -Adolf Hitler speaking like Jesus in Matthew 6: 24 (Mein Kampf)

ANTI-SEMITISM • Anti-Semitism = Hatred towards the Jewish race, became the official government policy of Germany. • Jews lost their citizenship and jobs. • Books by Jewish authors were burned.

KRISTALLNACHT • Kristallnacht or “the night of broken glass” • On November 10, 1938, Nazis went on a rampage, destroying synagogues and looting Jewish homes and stores • Many Jews were killed or wounded.

SYNAGOGUE BURNING DURING THE KRISTALLNACHT

NAZIS BRUTALLIZING A JEW

A JEWISH BUILDING BURNING DURING THE KRISTALLNACHT

ITALIAN FASCIST SLOGAN BELIEVE! OBEY! FIGHT!

MUSSOLINI AND FASCISM IN ITALY • Mussolini was a powerful speaker. He blamed many of Italy’s problems on Communist, bad politicians, and corrupt labor leaders. • He wanted to restore Italy to the glory of the ancient Roman Empire. • In Italy he was known as IL Duce (the leader).

MORE MUSSOLINI • Mussolini was a demagogue = a leader who plays to popular fears and hatreds. • He focused on Italy’s wounded pride. • Gained little after WW I, bad economy, class divisions.

FASCISM • Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919. • Fasces = a bundle of rods tied around an ax handle, a symbol of unity and authority in ancient Rome. • Fascists hated democracy

THE “BLACK SHIRTS” • Black Shirts = Mussolini’s private army of angry young men. • Broke up anti-fascist rallies and beat up political opponents. • 1922 = Mussolini and the Black Shirts marched on Rome and forced King Victor Emmanuel to make him prime minister.

MUSSOLINI IN CHARGE • Once in power Mussolini outlawed all political parties besides Fascism. • His Black Shirts destroyed anyone against him. • Brought in censorship and pro-Fascist propaganda. • He eventually aligned himself and Italy with Hitler.

RISE OF THE SOVIET UNION • In 1917 V. I. Lenin led the Communist (Bolshevik) Revolution in Russia. • It was to be the start of the worldwide revolt of workers against capitalism. • Communist-led movements were taken out by force in many countries.

THE U. S. A AND THE U. S. S. R • At the start of the 1920 s fear and hatred of the Soviet Union by the United States was great. • Shared economic and strategic interest began to unite the two countries. • By the 1930 s they were united by economic need and a common fear of Germany, Italy, and Japan.

THE DEATH OF LENIN • In 1924 Lenin died and the new leader of the Soviet Union was now Joseph Stalin. • In 1933 FDR recognized the Soviet gov’t for help in the depression and for help against Japan.

JOSEPH STALIN • Joseph Stalin who became known as “Uncle Joe” in the United States led the Soviet Union during the Great Depression and World War II. • He admired U. S. productivity and invited American companies to the U. S. S. R.

JAPAN BEGINS TO EXPAND • In 1931, Japan was in need of land for a growing population and in need of resources to build up its industry and military. • 1931 = Japan invaded Manchuria (Northern China)

MANCHURIA

HIDEKI TOJO • As well as prime minister of Japan, Tojo also held the posts of minister of war, home minister and foreign minister. From February 1944 he was also Commander in Chief of the General Staff.

TOJO CONTINUED…. • Tojo was in command of the army's aviation. • He helped to plan the attack on Pearl Harbor. • Tojo held extreme rightwing views and was a supporter of Nazi Germany

EMPEROR HIROHITO • Under the constitution of Japan the Emperor could not act except on the advice of his ministers and the chiefs of staff. • Hirohito became critical of the political leaders and this led to the removal of Hideki Tojo on 18 th July 1944.