Administration of drugs Administration routes and pharmaceutical form

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Administration of drugs Administration routes and pharmaceutical form Tea Baršić Mirna Kudlač Mentor: A.

Administration of drugs Administration routes and pharmaceutical form Tea Baršić Mirna Kudlač Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

Methods of administering drugs n n n oral administration sublingual administration rectal administration parenteral

Methods of administering drugs n n n oral administration sublingual administration rectal administration parenteral administration inhalation topical application

Oral administration n by mouth n form: n n n tablets capsules syrups

Oral administration n by mouth n form: n n n tablets capsules syrups

Pros & Cons n n convenient for the patient can be done at home

Pros & Cons n n convenient for the patient can be done at home n n n possible destruction or inactivation possibly not absorbable useless in emergency

Sublingual administration n under the tongue absorption into sublingual veins n form: tablets n

Sublingual administration n under the tongue absorption into sublingual veins n form: tablets n example: nitroglycerin n

Rectal administration n into the rectum when vomiting or unable to swallow n form:

Rectal administration n into the rectum when vomiting or unable to swallow n form: n n n suppositories aqueous solutions

Parenteral administration n n n intracavitary intradermal intramuscular intrathecal intravenous iubcutaneous n form: injections

Parenteral administration n n n intracavitary intradermal intramuscular intrathecal intravenous iubcutaneous n form: injections

Intracavitary injection n into a body cavity (e. g. peritoneal, pleural) example: nitrogen mustard

Intracavitary injection n into a body cavity (e. g. peritoneal, pleural) example: nitrogen mustard (intrapleural, prevents fluid accumulation) n

Intradermal injection n shallow into upper layers of skin n example: allergy testing n

Intradermal injection n shallow into upper layers of skin n example: allergy testing n

Intramuscular injection n n into muscle (buttock or upper arm) when irritating to skin

Intramuscular injection n n into muscle (buttock or upper arm) when irritating to skin when large amounts of long-acting drug needed example: adrenaline

Intrathecal injection n n into space under meninges surrounding spinal cord & brain example:

Intrathecal injection n n into space under meninges surrounding spinal cord & brain example: methotrexate (in leukemia)

Intravenous injection n n into a vein for immediate effect when unsafe for other

Intravenous injection n n into a vein for immediate effect when unsafe for other tissues good technical skill needed (leakage may cause irritation & inflammation) example: heparin

Subcutaneous injection n n into subcutaneous tissue (usually upper arm, thigh, abdomen) example: insulin

Subcutaneous injection n n into subcutaneous tissue (usually upper arm, thigh, abdomen) example: insulin

Inhalation n into nose or mouth absorbed through alveoli n form: aerosols n example:

Inhalation n into nose or mouth absorbed through alveoli n form: aerosols n example: anesthetics, antiasthmatics n

Topical application n locally on skin or mucous membranes n form: n n n

Topical application n locally on skin or mucous membranes n form: n n n lotions creams ointments transdermal patches eyedrops, eardrops, nasal drops

References n n Handout Rang, Dale, Ritter, Moore: Pharmacology, 1 st Croatian edition Thank

References n n Handout Rang, Dale, Ritter, Moore: Pharmacology, 1 st Croatian edition Thank you!

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