Adjectives FORMS OF ADJECTIVES There are two kinds

Adjectives

FORMS OF ADJECTIVES There are two kinds of adjectives. st nd 1 -2 rd 3 declension

What do adjectives look like in a vocabulary list? You are usually given the following forms in the vocabulary lists masculine nominative singular feminine nominative singular neuter nominative singular

EXAMPLES amicus, amica, amicum masculine nominative singular feminine nominative singular friendly neuter nominative singular

Some masculine forms end in -er miser, misera, miserum masculine nominative singular feminine nominative singular sacer, sacra, sacrum masculine nominative singular feminine nominative singular neuter nominative singular

Here are some words from our new list meus, mea, meum noster, nostra, nostrum suus, sua, suum tuus, tua, tuum vester, vestra, vestrum miser, misera, miserum

NOTA BENE REGARDING SPELLING Words that are spelled with –er will NOT add –us √ miser sacer vester CORRECT miserus sacerus vesterus x WRONG!!

NOTA BENE ABOUT SPELLING Notice for some words that have an –er in the masculine form the –e disappears in the feminine and neuter forms. sacer, sacra, sacrum noster, nostra, nostrum vester, vestra, vestrum

BUT NOT ALL miser, misera, miserum liber, libera, liberum

HOW MANY DECLENSIONS OF ADJECTIVES ARE THERE? Two st nd 1 -2 declension 3 rd declension All the previous examples were st nd from the 1 -2 declension

Declension How can you tell if an adjective is 1 st-2 nd declension or 3 rd declension? Adjectives of the 1 st-2 nd declension will have a form that ends in –a rd 3 Adjectives of the declension will have a form that ends in -is

Tell me the declension of the following �acer, acris, acre �facilis, facile �calidus, calida, calidum �clarus, clara, clarum �aureus, aurea, aureum �brevis, breve �sacer, sacra, sacrum �commotus, commota, commotum �dexter, dextra, dextrum

All the adjectives on this weeks list are 1 st -2 nd declension amicus, amica, amicum bonus, bona, bonum foedus, foeda, foedum inimicus, inimica, inimicum liber, libera, liberum

BASE OF ADJECTIVES To get the base of an adjective Drop the –a (for 1 st – 2 nd declension) Drop the –is (for 3 rd declension)

Give the base for the following adjectives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. meus, mea, meum noster, nostra, nostrum suus, sua, suum tuus, tua, tuum vester, vestra, vestrum miser, misera, miserum menostrsutuvestrmiser-

FORMS st nd 1 -2 Adjectives of the declension have endings that look like… st nd 1 -2 declension

1 st and 2 nd declension adjective endings Feminine singular Feminine plural Masculine singular Masculine plural Neuter singular Neuter plural a ae ae am a ae arum is as is us/er i o um o i orum is os is um i o um o a orum is a is

1 st and 2 nd declension noun endings 1 st decl. singular 1 st decl. plural 2 nd Masc singular 2 nd Masc plural 2 nd Neut singular 2 nd Neut plural a ae ae am a ae arum is as is us/er/ir i orum is os is um i o um o a orum is a is i o um o

MEMORIZE THEM �If you have not memorized these forms… �You will want to do so as soon as possible.

Agreement �An adjective must agree with the noun it modifies in … �GENDER �NUMBER �CASE

For now that means an adjective will have the same ending as the noun it modifies. puell am laet am puer os mult os serv i irat i

1 st and 2 nd declension noun endings 1 st decl. singular 1 st decl. plural 2 nd Masc singular 2 nd Masc plural 2 nd Neut singular 2 nd Neut plural a ae ae am a ae arum is as is us/er/ir i orum is os is um i o um o a orum is a is i o um o

1 st and 2 nd declension adjective endings Feminine singular Feminine plural Masculine singular Masculine plural Neuter singular Neuter plural a ae ae am a ae arum is as is us/er i o um o i orum is os is um i o um o a orum is a is

�There are some exceptions. �We will worry about the exceptions later. �Focus on getting the correct declension for the noun getting the correct base for the noun and the adjective knowing the meanings of nouns and adjectives

Put the correct ending on the adjective and translate the noun and the adjective. 1. 2. 3. 4. Villas pulchr_____ Filia me______ In nostr_____ fabulis Mult______ pecuniam 5. 6. 7. Equo fer____ Viri mult_____ Libros nov_______ 8. 9. Magn_____ oppidum Bella long______

Slightly more difficult. Put these into Latin 1. in my house 2. with your(singular) horses 3. around a big field Do the noun first. Be sure to use the correct chart Be sure to get the correct base