Adjective endings and noun adjective agreement Describing people

Adjective endings and noun / adjective agreement

Describing people & things Descriptive Adjectives: These adjectives are used to find out (describe) what people & things are like. They agree in number & gender with the noun & go AFTER the noun (Las alfombras rojas) OR These adjectives can also be used with the verb SER (or ESTAR) to form a complete sentence. (Las alfombras SON rojas. )

EJEMPLOS • • La chica bonita es mi hermana. La chica es bonita. Ella es mi hermana. Los chicos rubios son nuestros amigos. Los chicos son rubios.

Ser - To Be (permanent) • • • Yo soy I am Tú eres You are Ud es You are Él es He is Ella es She is • • • Nostros somos We are Vosotros sois You are Uds son You are Ellos son They are Ellas son They are

ESTAR - temporary • • • Yo estoy I am Tú estás You are Ud está You are Él está He is Ella está She is • Nosotros estamos We are • • Vosotros estáis You are Uds están You are Ellos están They are Ellas están They are

In Spanish, adjectives always agree with nouns in gender and number.

Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify whether they directly follow the noun or whether they follow a form of SER (or ESTAR).

If a noun is masculine, the adjective which modifies it must be masculine also.

If a noun is feminine, the adjective which modifies it must be feminine also.

If a noun is plural and ends with an -s , the adjective must be plural and end in an s as well.

Many adjectives end in either -a or -o. Some end in either -e or a consonant like -l.

Adjectives that end in either -a or -o change their ending according to the gender and number of the noun they modify. They have 4 forms.

ms un chico 1. alto mpl unos chicos fs fpl una chica 2. altos 3. alta unas chicas 4. altas

ms el señor 1. guapo mpl los señores fs la señora 2. guapos 3. guapa fpl las señoras 4. guapas

Singular adjectives that end in either -e or a consonant do NOT change their ending according to gender.

They DO agree in number. They have 2 forms

Adjectives that end in a consonant add an -es if the noun they modify is plural.

ms un sombrero 1. azul mpl unos sombreros fs una falda 2. azules 1. azul fpl unas faldas 2. azules

ms un sombrero 1. verde mpl unos sombreros fs una falda 2. verdes 1. verde fpl unas faldas 2. verdes

The rules for making adjectives plural are the same as for making nouns plural • If the ms adjective ends in a vowel make it plural by adding “s” • **alto>altos • **inteligente>inteligentes • If the ms adjective ends in a consonant add “es” to make it plural. • **fácil>fáciles