Additive Manufacturing File Format Hod Lipson Hod lipsoncornell
- Slides: 49
Additive Manufacturing File Format Hod Lipson Hod. lipson@cornell. edu Chair, ASTM F 42/Design Task Group on File Formats November 10, 2009 With Jonathan Hiller
Join The Discussion To join the task group visit http: //groups. google. com/group/stl 2
Goals • • Identify needs of new file format Propose new standard Reach consensus Catalyze adoption
Outline of presentation • Summarize survey • Outline proposed standard • Process and timetable for moving forward
Survey
http: //www. mae. cornell. edu/lipson/stl 2. htm
Distribution Lists • • RPML SFF RM VRAP • • GARPA CIRP ASTM STL 2
n=162 survey submissions
Your interest in RP file format n=246
http: //www. mae. cornell. edu/lipson/stl 2. htm
Prioritized Features n=162. Error bars = 1 Standard Deviation
Prioritized Features n=162. Error bars = Standard Error
Other features • • Main feature: keep it simple! ISO 9000 -ish features like product tracking Interoperability within different manufacturers Compatible with FEA applications Identification of parent CAD program Restricted number of printings Support multiple shells Editable ASCII/Text format
Other features • • Information about build orientation Stability/robustness No redundancy Volume validity Lock or encrypt the file with a password Ability to put a permanent 'watermark‘ Supporting geometry in native way Keep triangle mesh / No triangle mesh
Existing Formats • 3 D PDF – Proprietary, closed • ISO 14649 (STEP-NC) – Mostly for NC control, G-Code • STEP / IGES, SAT, Parasolid – Too complex, missing features e. g. no mesostructure • X 3 D VRML – Mesh, color, texture, lighting All: no provision for AM, e. g. materials, internal structure
Existing Formats • PLY – 3 D Scanner data • 3 DS – Limited mesh size • SLC – Limited information All: no provision for AM, e. g. materials, internal structure
Reaching consensus, adoption • • • Non proprietary / open source Endorsement by major CAD / Manufacturers Use ASTM / Voting Backwards compatible (STL) Expandable, XML Publish for comments / discussion Open source software Conversion tools Limit the scope: Not a CAD model Make the format good
Proposed Format
Current STL
Name • AMF – Additive Manufacturing Format – Additive Manufacturing File
New format needed • Tailor to AM community needs – No content constraints • Retain Community Control – Not Proprietary • Neutral – Avoids association with existing companies
XML • Meta-format: Format of formats – Text based – Easy to read/write/parse – Existing editing tools – Extensible – Highly compressible • Mentioned by a number of constituents – E. g. Materialise – Based on work by J. Hiller (Cornell) Addresses needs: Editable / Extensible / Readable / Open / Non proprietary
General Concept • Part (objects) defined by regions and materials – Regions defined by triangular mesh – Materials defined by properties/names • Mesh properties can be specified – Color – Tolerance – Texture • Materials can be combined – Graded materials – Microstructure
Basic Structure Addresses needs: Simple / Watertight / Backward Compatible (STL)
Compressibility Need to look at dependency on # of digits Addresses needs: Small / Compressible
Multiple Materials Addresses needs: Multiple Materials, No leaks between regions (shared vertices)
Graded Materials
Microstructure Addresses needs: Periodic meso/microstructure
Material properties • By manufacturer’s name – <Name> ABS </Name> – <Name>Tango Black </Name> – <Name>Nylon 1234 </Name> • By physical property – </Property Type=“Elastic Modulus” Value=“ 4 E 9”> – </Property Type=“Poisson Ratio” Value=“ 1. 2”> • External reference (URL) Addresses needs: Material specifications/libraries
Color and Graphics • By volumetric region – Solid color • By vertex – Specify Vertex color – Specify Vertex coordinate in a bitmap Addresses needs: Color graphics
Color and Graphics
Tolerances • By volumetric region – Nominal tolerance – Allowed variation from original volume • By vertex – Specify point tolerance (? ) – Point to point Addresses needs: Tolerance
Non-meshed geometry? • Other representations are not mutually exclusive • Voxel maps – For digital/inkjet microstructure • NURBS – Add slope vectors to some triangle mesh edges – Other STEP types? • Functional Representations – implicit equations, e. g:
NURBS PATCH PLANNAR PATCH Optionally add slope vectors to some triangle mesh edges to allow for very accurate geometry. Perfect sphere can be made with ~20 patches
Print Constellation • Print orientation • Duplicated objects • Sets of different objects • Efficient nesting • Hierarchical
Metadata <Metadata> <Datum ID=“Author” Data=“John Doe”></Datum> <Datum ID=“Company” Data=“…”></Datum> <Datum ID=“Description” Data=“…”></Datum> <Datum ID=“Originating CAD System” Data=“…”></Datum> <Datum ID=“Originating CAD File” Data=“…”></Datum> <Datum ID=“Comment” Data=“…”></Datum> </Metadata>
Encryption <Metadata> <Datum ID=“Author” Data=“John Doe”></Datum> <Datum ID=“Company” Data=“…”></Datum> <Datum ID=“Description” Data=“…”></Datum> <Datum ID=“Comment” Data=“…”></Datum> <Datum ID=“Encryption” Data=“Prompt”></Datum> </Metadata> Key garbles vertex coordinates (e. g. using XOR); need key to un-garble
Watermark / Copyright <Metadata> <Datum ID=“Author” Data=“John Doe”></Datum> <Datum ID=“Company” Data=“…”></Datum> <Datum ID=“Description” Data=“…”></Datum> <Datum ID=“Comment” Data=“…”></Datum> <Datum ID=“Copyright” Data=“Owner”></Datum> </Metadata> Copyright name garbles vertex coordinates (e. g. using XOR); copyright must be present to un-garble
Other features • URL can be used in lieu of material data to allow for external libraries • Validation checksums – E. g. Original vs. actual part/region volumes • Automatic error checking – Readers/writers must check for intact topology, e. g. • All nodes referenced by at least 3 triangles • All edges referenced exactly twice per region
Next steps
Process 1. Initial basic format – – Triangle mesh Materials Colors Metadata 2. Experiment with new tags independently – – – Mesostructure Tolerances F-rep 3. Add new tags formally when mature – – Once a year With open source imlementation
Process • Open source code – Slicer – Viewer – Bidirectional STL Converter • Any future feature – Requires open source implementation – BSD-Type license that allows free commercialization • Consensus – Identify liaison persons representing all major equipment manufacturers and CAD systems
Optional Certification • Certified AMF readers/writers must support small set of mandatory tags – All mesh and region tags • Support of color, materials, etc not mandatory • Small suite of test cases to be validates
Schedule • Draft for comments – April 1 • Draft for voting – July 1
Join The Discussion To join the task group visit http: //groups. google. com/group/stl 2
Bibliography • Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1. 0 (Fifth Edition), W 3 C Recommendation 26 November 2008 http: //www. w 3. org/TR/REC-xml/ • Hiller, J. , Lipson, H. (2009) "STL 2. 0: A Proposal for a Universal Multi. Material Additive Manufacturing File Format" Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium (SFF'09), Aug 3 -5 2009, Austin, TX, USA. • GILMAN, C. R. & ROCK, S. J. (1995) The use of STEP to integrate design and solid freeform fabrication. Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium. Austin, TX.
- Additive manufacturing steps
- Lipson
- File-file yang dibuat oleh user pada jenis file di linux
- Additive manufacturing
- Additive manufacturing
- Modeling
- Hod management plan template
- Manufacturing cost vs non manufacturing cost
- Job costing definition
- Controllable costs
- Manufacturing cost vs non manufacturing cost
- Prime cost in manufacturing accounts
- Format of manufacturing account
- Physical image vs logical image
- File sharing management system
- Distributed file system definition
- What does a markup tag tells the web browser
- In a file-oriented information system, a transaction file
- Pijetlov hod
- Siafihod
- Hod roles and responsibilities
- Pijetlov hod
- Hod diskem rekord
- Mantra hod
- Pansitopenia adalah
- Hod vasundhara
- Hod mincou
- Hod mincou
- Rapid prototyping data formats
- Abaqus input file format
- Importance of file format
- Ssssdddd.yyt.z is
- Sap ebs configuration
- Waveout directsound
- Vcf file format
- Rtf to tiff
- Btrs file format
- Flex file format
- A.out format
- Readseq sequence conversion
- Lrc file
- Basic i/o supervisor
- Eft 1464 byte file layout
- Wells fargo positive pay file format
- Avi advantages and disadvantages
- Swf file format specification
- Gff file format
- Nrtrde file format
- Vector file format
- Apa yang dimaksud citra grafis berbasis vektor