Add to your table of contents date Title
Add to your table of contents date # Title 9/23 24 Industrialization Chart 9/23 25 Industrialization Notes
4. Leaders 5. Business Practices 6. Negative Effects Industrialization Notes 24 1. Causes 3. Inventions and 2. Government Help Innovations
Directions for today: 1. 20 ish minutes to read and complete innovations chart by yourself OR with a partner 2. Industrialization notes
PICTURE Try and find 2 advantages for each topic in the reading. How did the topic improve the lives of individuals? This can be your opinion and isn’t necessarily in the reading.
Steel Production Advantages: -Bessemer Process -replaced iron and wood -steel produced faster Improve Standard of Living: -taller, stronger, and safer buildings
Petroleum Based Products Advantages: -used in lighting and machines -gasoline used to run airplanes and cars Improved Standard of Living: -new inventions like the combustion engine -helped people get places faster
Electric Power Advantages: -replaced water and steam power -people could work longer hours into the night Improve Standard of Living: -better communication -new inventions (light bulb and fridge) -improved nation’s economy
Telephone Advantages -people could communicate faster and over longer distances Standard of Living: -could speak to someone instantly
Railroads Advantages: -reduced transportation time -connected east and west coasts Standard of Living: -journey reduced from weeks to days
Industrialization
Suspension Bridge
Brooklyn Bridge 1883
The Flatiron Building – NYC - 1902
Industrialization • Change in production from hand craftmanship to machine manufacturing.
Causes of Industrialization 1. Good supply of natural resources. 2. Improved transportation. 3. Population shift from rural to urban centers. 4. New inventions & innovations. 5. Supportive government.
Natural Resources 1. Raw Materials: iron ore, copper, lead, wood 2. Power: coal, oil 3. Capital: gold, silver
Improved Transportation Transcontinental railroad provides access to markets and raw materials.
Growing Population Provided both consumers (people to buy things) & labor (people to make things).
Inventions • Provided new products. • New technology improved production quality and worker productivity. • 1850 – 1900: over 600, 000 patents issued • • • zipper typewriter vulcanized rubber internal combustion engine x-rays pasteurization dynamite motion picture camera fountain pen • • • steel-framed building vacuum cleaner elevator escalator air brakes seismograph photographic film vacuum cleaner washing machine
How did the government help? 1. 2. 3. 4. Loans to industries Laissez Faire – few government regulations No tax on personal income until 1913 No environmental controls, (What do you think happened to the environment? )
The Bessemer Process • Henry Bessemer – English engineer who perfected the cold air pressure method for transforming iron ore into steel.
Inventions • Steel was king – the Bessemer process was the most important change. • Steel became faster and cheaper to produce • As a result – railroads, skyscrapers, bridges, were built.
Electrical Lighting Systems • Thomas A. Edison’s work with electrical lighting systems led to many inventions including the light bulb, generators, and underground conductors which allowed city life to operate around the clock! • How do you think production and productivity improved? ?
Light and Sound • Edison’s Light Bulb The Phonograph
The Telegraph • Samuel F. B. Morse developed the first American telegraph which was based on a series of “dots” and “dashes” called Morse Code being transmitted over a single wire. • Why was this invention so important? ?
The Telephone • Alexander G. Bell’s telephone successfully transmitted speech across electrical wires – connecting distant parts of the nation with news and personal communication.
Add to your table of contents: Date 9/24 # 26 Title Assembly Lines To do today: • Finish industrialization notes (page 25) • Assembly Line Reading • Chart and Clip • Exit ticket
Innovations • Innovations are improvements to existing practices and items. 1. Corporation: a group of stock holders that control a business. – Advantages: – raises large amounts of capital – limited liability for owners – stability of ownership 2. Trust: a group of corporations that control an industry
Taking Control • Trusts used their money to control the government. • Trusts created monopolies –one company has complete control of an industry.
Who were the leaders? • Andrew Carnegie • Irish immigrant who made his fortune in the steel industry. • Built a steel plant in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania using only the Bessemer process.
John D. Rockefeller • Rockefeller made his fortune in the oil industry. • In 1870 he founded the Standard Oil Company of Ohio. • By 1879 Standard Oil controlled over 90 percent of the market.
How did they do it? • Vertical Integration – Control of all the steps in producing a product
How did they do it? • Horizontal Integration – Expand in one area of production
How did industrial leaders spend their money? • Industrial leaders amassed personal fortunes that led to extravagant living. They bought lavish homes, threw expensive parties, etc. • Donated money to charities Vanderbilt Mansion Astor Mansion Carnegie Mansion
The Gilded Age • Mark Twain nicknamed this time period the Gilded Age because of the open displays of wealth among the elite – seemed like a cheap picture frame – gold on the outside, but rotting on the inside.
Evils of Industrialization 1. Air and Water Pollution
2. Working Conditions • Conditions were harsh, dirty, and dangerous
3. Child Labor • Children were often hired because they were easier to handle and were paid less.
4. Length of working day • Factories were unsafe. • Workers worked long hours and often had accidents because they were tired.
5. Destruction of Family Unit • Everyone in the family had to work.
Assembly Lines • Perfected by Henry Ford in the early 1900 s • Made production more efficient but reduced variety • Factory work was repetitive and boring • Products were cheaper and more available
Assembly Lines CONSUMER WORKER EMPLOYER ADVANTAGES 26 DISADVANTAGES
• Read the assembly lines handout and look for ADVANTAGES (good things) and DISADVANTAGES (bad things) for: – Employers (bosses) – Workers – Consumers (people who buy things) • Try to find at least 2 advantages and disadvantages of assembly lines for each group of people
Exit Ticket When you are done with your chart on page 26, respond to the following prompts on your ½ sheet of paper and turn in: 1. Explain how industrialization changed with the introduction of the assembly line. 2. Explain who benefited most and who benefited least from assembly lines.
- Slides: 54
