ADAPTIVE ZONES AND THE PINNIPED ANKLE A threedimensional

Adaptive Zones An operational definition t le ngt h Fem Foo ur l eng

Anatomy of the eutherian ankle Dorsal calcaneum Ventral astragalus Lateral ankle Polly, P. D.

The taxa Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A 3

The bones Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A 3

3 -D morphometrics Meles Original Scan Fitted grid Flexible point grid Morphometric representation Polly,

Mean shapes of functional groups p = 0. 002 64. 8% explained p =

Principal Components Plot Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A

Variation along Axis 1 Mobile to stable lower ankle joint Proximodistal position of sustentacular

Variation along Axis 2 Digitigrade to plantigrade stance Width of the distal calcaneum relative

Ancestral node reconstructions GLM method of Martins and Hansen (1997). Phylogeny and branch lengths

Caught in an adaptive zone Phylogenetic tree projected into PC space Fissiped adaptive zone

Evolution of pinniped morphology Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle:

Slides: 13

Download presentation

ADAPTIVE ZONES AND THE PINNIPED ANKLE A three-dimensional Quantitative Analysis of Carnivoran Tarsal Evolution Canis familiaris Terrestrial digitigrade P. David Polly Departments of Geology and Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 10 th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA pdpolly@indiana. edu Phoca groenlandica Specialized aquatic

Adaptive Zones An operational definition t le ngt h Fem Foo ur l eng th Fitness A bounded range of phenotypes that can be linked to a range of functional roles. Boundaries of the zone are those margins of phenotypic space that are not normally crossed by phylogenetic trajectories. Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A 3 D Quantitative Analysis of Carnivoran Tarsal Evolution. In (E. Sargis and M. Dagosto, Eds. ) Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Anatomy of the eutherian ankle Dorsal calcaneum Ventral astragalus Lateral ankle Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A 3 D Quantitative Analysis of Carnivoran Tarsal Evolution. In (E. Sargis and M. Dagosto, Eds. ) Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

The taxa Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A 3 D Quantitative Analysis of Carnivoran Tarsal Evolution. In (E. Sargis and M. Dagosto, Eds. ) Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

The bones Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A 3 D Quantitative Analysis of Carnivoran Tarsal Evolution. In (E. Sargis and M. Dagosto, Eds. ) Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

3 -D morphometrics Meles Original Scan Fitted grid Flexible point grid Morphometric representation Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A 3 D Quantitative Analysis of Carnivoran Tarsal Evolution. In (E. Sargis and M. Dagosto, Eds. ) Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Mean shapes of functional groups p = 0. 002 64. 8% explained p = 0. 07 46% expl. p = 0. 26 Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A 3 D Quantitative Analysis of Carnivoran Tarsal Evolution. In (E. Sargis and M. Dagosto, Eds. ) Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Principal Components Plot Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A 3 D Quantitative Analysis of Carnivoran Tarsal Evolution. In (E. Sargis and M. Dagosto, Eds. ) Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Variation along Axis 1 Mobile to stable lower ankle joint Proximodistal position of sustentacular facet, curvature of calcaneoastragalar facet, length of peroneal process Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A 3 D Quantitative Analysis of Carnivoran Tarsal Evolution. In (E. Sargis and M. Dagosto, Eds. ) Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Variation along Axis 2 Digitigrade to plantigrade stance Width of the distal calcaneum relative to the proximal calcaneal shaft Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A 3 D Quantitative Analysis of Carnivoran Tarsal Evolution. In (E. Sargis and M. Dagosto, Eds. ) Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Ancestral node reconstructions GLM method of Martins and Hansen (1997). Phylogeny and branch lengths from Flynn (1996). Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A 3 D Quantitative Analysis of Carnivoran Tarsal Evolution. In (E. Sargis and M. Dagosto, Eds. ) Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Caught in an adaptive zone Phylogenetic tree projected into PC space Fissiped adaptive zone Bounded range of phenotypes not normally crossed by phylogenetic trajectories Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A 3 D Quantitative Analysis of Carnivoran Tarsal Evolution. In (E. Sargis and M. Dagosto, Eds. ) Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Evolution of pinniped morphology Polly, P. D. 2008. Adaptive Zones and the Pinniped Ankle: A 3 D Quantitative Analysis of Carnivoran Tarsal Evolution. In (E. Sargis and M. Dagosto, Eds. ) Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands.