ADAPTATIONS AND SURVIVAL ADAPTATIONS TRAITS THAT MAKE IT

ADAPTATIONS AND SURVIVAL

ADAPTATIONS • TRAITS THAT MAKE IT MORE LIKELY FOR AN ORGANISM TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE • CHANGES IN A HABITAT LEAD TO CHANGES IN ORGANISMS OVER TIME • SEXUAL REPRODUCTION ALLOWS

WHY ADAPT? • TO OBTAIN FOOD, WATER, NUTRIENTS • COPE WITH PHYSICAL CONDITIONS (COLD TEMPERATURES) • DEFEND AGAINST THREATS • REPRODUCE

TYPES OF ADAPTATIONS • STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS- PHYSICAL CHANGE • EXAMPLE: SPIKES ON A CACTUS OR WEBBED FEET • BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS- CHANGE IN ACTION • LEARNED- HAS TO BE TAUGHT (LIONS

VESTIGIAL ADAPTATIONS • AN ADAPTATION THAT BECOMES USELESS OVER TIME BUT DOES NOT GO AWAY • ANSWER #10 ON P. 297

MUTATIONS • RANDOM CHANGES IN A SPECIES GENES • CAN HE HELPFUL, HARMFUL, OR NEITHER • WHEN HELPFUL GENES ARE PASSED DOWN IT IS POSSIBLE FOR THEM TO BECOME A COMMON TRAIT • GRADUAL CHANGES IN SPECIES OVER TIME IS CALLED EVOLUTION

NATURAL SELECTION • COMPETITION FOR ORGANISMS TO SURVIVE • “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST” • BETTER ADAPTATIONS/TRAITS HELP ORGANISMS SURVIVE • HARMFUL TRAITS WILL EVENTUALLY DIE OUT

EXAPTATION • AN ADAPTATION THAT WAS ORIGINALLY FOR ONE PURPOSE BUT NOW HAS OTHER PURPOSES • EXAMPLE: SOME BELIEVE FEATHERS WERE FOR WARMTH BUT NOW THEY ALSO HELP WITH FLIGHT SO FLIGHT IS THE EXAPTATION

COADAPTATION AND COEXTINCTION • SOME ORGANISMS ADAPT TOGETHER TO MEET EACH OTHER’S NEEDS. • BUT IF ONE SPECIES GOES EXTINCT IT COULD CAUSE THE OTHER TO AS WELL.

MAKE SURE YOU UNDERSTAND ALL THE EXAMPLES OF ADAPTATIONS ON P. 299 IN YOUR TEXTBOOK EXPLAIN AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE! • TABLE 1 MIMICRY AND CAMOUFLAGE • TABLES 2 AND 5 CHEMICAL DEFENSE • TABLES 3 AND 4 BODY COVERINGS AND PARTS • TABLE 6 AND 7 MIGRATION • TABLE 8 HIBERNATION