Ad Hoc Structure Advantage Disadvantage Pyramid Structure Advantage

• Ad Hoc Structure: Advantage & Disadvantage • Pyramid Structure: Advantage & Disadvantage • Circular Structure: Advantage & Disadvantage • Page 381 -383

• List the names of the different Cabinets?

• List and explain the THREE ways a president can say “NO” 1. Veto 2. Executive Privilege 3. Impoundment of Funds

• What is judicial review, and since 1789 how many federal laws have been judged unconstitutional? (438) • Explain the difference between a strictconstructionist approach and an activist approach used by judges when interpreting the Constitution. (439)

• FIRST HISTORICAL ERA OF THE SUPREME COURT 1. NATIONAL SUPREMACY & SLAVERY • Supreme Court Case 1: Mc. Culloch v. Maryland (1819) • What was Mc. Culloch v. Maryland about? (pages 55 -56) • What was the Supreme Court’s decision in Mc. Culloch v. Maryland ? (page 441) • Did the decision support national supremacy or state’s rights and why? • Supreme Court case 2: Dred Scott v. Sanford, (1857) • What was this case about? (page 442) • What was the Court’s decision? (442) • Did the decision promote National Supremacy or States Rights and Why? (442)

• Structure of the Federal Courts (446) – What is a constitutional court? – What are the two most important of the constitutional courts & Define them – What is a legislative court?

• What shapes court decisions other than ideology? • Do Supreme Court Justices always act the way the president wants? Give an example to back up your opinion. • Pages 446 -447

• Explain the legal basis for the federal court’s jurisdiction over cases. Explain the different kinds of cases that can be heard by the federal court. (448 -450)

• What is writ of certiorari? • Give the two reasons why the Supreme Court may grant a “cert”. • Page 450

• Explain the concept of “standing” in terms of bringing a case to court. • List the THREE complex and changing set of rules that govern “standings”. • Page 452

• What is sovereign immunity? • What is a class-action suit? • How long is the Supreme Court in session? (454) • Can use your Power Point or 452 -454

• What is per curiam opinion mean? • Explain the three kind of U. S. Supreme Court opinions. – Opinion of the Court – Concurring Opinion – Dissenting Opinion

• What do those who support judicial activism say? • What do the “critics of judicial activism” say”? • Page 459 or use your power point

• Complete Vocabulary sheet by end of class. • All words can be found in the gold boxes. • Will be stamped at end of class

• What does deficit mean? • What does national debt mean? • Why doesn’t the federal government ever declare bankruptcy? • What are the TWO ways our government can reduce our total national debt? • Pages: 492 -494

• What is Monetarism? • What is Keynesianism? • What is economic planning? • What is Supply-Side Tax Cuts? • Pages 497 -498