Activism new legislation and the Supreme Court advance

Activism, new legislation, and the Supreme Court advance equal rights for African Americans. CIVIL RIGHTS

EQ � What were the important people and events of the Civil Rights Movement? How can we use this information to be better citizens today?

AKS � � � 51 a - explain the importance of President Truman's order to integrate the U. S. military and the federal government 51 b - identify Jackie Robinson and the integration of baseball 51 c - explain Brown v. Board of Education and efforts to resist the decision 51 d - describe the significance of Martin Luther King, Jr. 's Letter From a Birmingham Jail and his I Have A Dream speech 51 e - describe the contrasting views of Stokely Carmichael, Malcolm X, and other radicals of the Civil Rights movement 51 f - describe the causes and consequences of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965

WHAT DOES A 14 YEAR OLD BLACK BOY GET FOR WHISTLING AT A WHITE WOMAN IN 1955 MISSISSIPPI?

WHEN DID THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT START?

HAS IT ENDED?

TAKING ON SEGREGATION � Activism and a series of Supreme Court decisions advance equal rights for African Americans in the 1950 s and 1960 s.

PLESSY V. FERGUSON � 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling: separate but equal constitutional � Many states pass Jim Crow laws separating the races

THE NAACP LEGAL STRATEGY � Focuses on most glaring inequalities of segregated public education � Places team of law students under Thurgood Marshall � win 29 out of 32 cases argued before Supreme Court

BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION � Marshall’s greatest victory is Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka � In 1954 case, Court unanimously strikes down school segregation

REACTION TO BROWN � Within 1 year, over 500 school districts desegregate � Some districts, state officials, pro-white groups actively resist

LITTLE ROCK NINE

Movie

REVIEW � What Supreme Court decision established “separate, but equal? ” � What Supreme Court decision overturned “separate, but equal? ” � What is the name of the group that famously tested this case in AK? � What is the name of the 14 -year old boy brutally beaten in MS?

THE MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT � 1955 NAACP officer Rosa Parks arrested for not giving up seat on bus � Elect 26 -year-old Baptist pastor Martin Luther King, Jr. leader

“SOUL FORCE” � King, others found Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) � Join Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) � Tactics: Civil disobedience, massive demonstrations, Non-violence

REVIEW 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Who founded the SCLC? What were their tactics? What was the result of Rosa Parks not giving up her seat on a Montgomery, AL bus? What did SNCC stand for? What Supreme Court decision established “separate, but equal? ” What Supreme Court decision overturned “separate, but equal? ” What is the name of the group that famously tested this case in AK?

SIT INS

CORE’S FREEDOM RIDES � Freedom riders—blacks, whites sit, use station facilities together � Attorney general, Interstate Commerce Commission act: � ban segregation in all interstate travel facilities

INTEGRATING OLE MISS � 1962, federal court rules James Meredith may enroll at U of MS

HEADING INTO BIRMINGHAM � April 1963, SCLC demonstrate to desegregate Birmingham � King arrested, writes “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

KENNEDY TAKES A STAND � June, JFK sends troops to force Gov. Wallace to desegregate U of AL

THE DREAM OF EQUALITY � August 1963, over 250, 000 people converge on Washington � Speakers demand immediate passage of civil rights bill � King gives “I Have a Dream” speech

I HAVE A DREAM…. � What do you have a dream about? � I have a dream…. ____________________________________ ________.

LBJ SIGNS CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 � prohibits discrimination because of race, religion, gender

FREEDOM SUMMER � Freedom Summer—CORE, SNCC project to register blacks to vote in MS � Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party formed to get seat in MS party � Fannie Lou Hamer—voice of MFDP at National Convention—wins support

THE SELMA CAMPAIGN � 1965, voting rights demonstrator killed in Selma, AL � Second march, with federal protection, swells to 25, 000 people

3 -2 -1 � 3 things you learned � 2 things you want to learn more about � 1 question you have

VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965 � Congress finally passes Voting Rights Act of 1965 � Stops literacy tests, allows federal officials to enroll voters

AFRICAN-AMERICAN SOLIDARITY � Malcolm X —controversial Muslim leader, speaker; gets much publicity � Stokely Carmichael, head of SNCC, calls for Black Power: � Black Panthers fight police brutality, want black self-sufficiency � Preach ideas of Mao Zedong; have violent confrontations with police

KING’S DEATH � Seems to sense own death in Memphis speech to striking workers � Is shot, dies the following day, April 4, 1968 � King’s death leads to worst urban rioting in U. S. history � over 100 cities affected � Robert later Kennedy assassinated two months

REVIEW 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Who were the Freedom Riders? What letter did King write after being arrested in Birmingham? What happened during Freedom Summer? What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964? What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 change? Define Black Power. Who were the Black Panthers? Who was Malcolm X? What happened after the death of MLK?

CIVIL RIGHTS GAINS � Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibits discrimination in housing � More black students finish high school, college; get better jobs � Greater pride in racial identity leads to Black Studies programs � More African-American participation in movies, television � Increased voter registration results in more black elected officials

UNFINISHED BUSINESS � White flight reverses much progress toward school integration � Unemployment, poverty higher than for whites � Affirmative action—extra effort to hire, enroll discriminated groups � 1960 s, colleges, companies doing government business adopt policy � Late 1970 s, some criticize policy as reverse discrimination

BRAINPOP � http: //www. brainpop. com/socialstudies/famou shistoricalfigures/malcolmx/ � http: //www. brainpop. com/socialstudies/famou shistoricalfigures/jackierobinson/