Active Voice vs Passive Voice Latin I Active

Active Voice vs. Passive Voice Latin I

Active Voice Verbs • Active voice verbs are verbs where the subject is performing the action: Ex. : I am eating cake.

Active Voice Verbs (con’t) • In the previous sentence, “I” is the subject. “I” is who is eating the cake in the sentence. Here are some other examples: I am giving a speech. Verba facio. You were running a race. Certamen currebas. They will carry the water. Aquam portabunt.

Passive Voice Verbs • Passive voice verbs are verbs in which the subject is having the action performed upon it: Ex. : The cookies are being eaten by the girl. In this sentence, the cookies are the subject of the sentence, but they are not performing the action. They are what is being eaten. The phrase “by the girl” denotes who is doing the eating.

Passive Voice Verbs (con’t) • Now, here are the present tense passive voice endings for Latin verbs: Sing. Plural 1 st -r -mur 2 nd -ris -mini 3 rd -tur -ntur

Passive Voice Verbs (con’t) • In order to form the present tense passive voice forms of verbs, simply add the endings to the present tense stem: Porto + r = portor, I am carried Vide + tur = videtur, it is seen Duc + untur = ducuntur, they are led Capi + tur = capitur, it is seized Audi + mur = audimur, we are heard

Ablative of Personal Agent • In order to express in Latin who is performing the action of the passive voice verb, you must use the preposition “a/ab” + ablative case: Crustula a me eduntur. The cookies are being eaten by me.

Imperfect Passive The imperfect passive simply takes the present passive endings, and adds the letters “-ba” in front of them: 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Sing. afficiebaris afficiebatur Pl. afficiebamur afficiebamini afficiebantur

Future Passive (1 st and 2 nd conj. ) 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Sing. videbor videberis videbitur Pl. videbimur videbimini videbuntur

Future Passive (3 rd conj. ) 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Sing. regar regeris regetur Pl. regemur regemini regentur

Future Passive (3 rd, 3 rd –io, 4 th) 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Sing. capiar capieris capietur Pl. capiemur capiemini capientur

Future Passive (3 rd –io, 4 th conj. ) 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Sing. audiar audieris audietur Pl. audiemur audiemini audientur

Perfect Passive Verbs Regardless of the verb’s conjugation, you form the perfect passive exactly the same way. FORMULA: 4 th prin. part + present of “sum” (p. p. p. )

Mitto, mittere, misi, missus, to send Perfect passive participle (4 th part) Missus, -a, -um sum Missus, -a, -um est missi, -ae, -a sumus missi, -ae, -a estis missi, -ae, -a sunt

English Translation of Perfect Passive Verbs I have been/was sent You have been/were sent He/she/it has been/was sent we have been/were sent you have been/were sent they have been/were sent

Notice that the fourth part of the verb (i. e. , perfect passive participle) can have either masculine, feminine, or neuter endings, singular or plural. This is because it is a participle, and a participle is a verbal adjective. In other words, it is a verb form that can modify/describe.

The perfect passive verb will always agree with its subject in case, number, and gender: Feminae ad oppidum missae sunt. The women were sent to the town.