Active Power in 1AC mains Apparent Reactive Active

Active Power in 1~AC mains Apparent / Reactive / Active Power ~ L ~ C ~ R 1 pure reactance L : phase shift = 90° pure capacitance C : phase shift = 90° pure resistor R : phase shift = 0° no active power

Apparent / Reactive / Active Power

Power Factor applicable for distorted voltage and current (harmonics) wave-form must not be continuous

Power Factor distorted voltage contains harmonics By means of Fourier transformation a distorted wave form can be synthesized by a infinite number of sinewaves of ascending order

Power Factor 1~AC mains current without PFC distorted AC current caused by rectifier Current Power Factor 0, 53

Power Factor current harmonics 1~AC fan without PFC mains current harmonics / Fourier transformation Inetz [m. A] current harmonics in mains supply

Power Factor DIN EN 61000 -3 -2 Power factor (PF) Limits acc. DIN EN 61000 -3 -2

Power Factor Correction PFC 1~AC mains input – circuit without PFC DC-link capacitor Uac rectifier

Power Factor Correction PFC 1~AC mains input – circuit with 1~choke (passive PFC) Choke DC-Link capacitor Uac rectifier

Power Factor Correction 1~AC-mains input – circuit with active PFC choke boost-diode MOS-FET Uac capacitor DC-link capacitor rectifier shunt

Power Factor Correction reduced harmonics by PFC w/o PFC Power Factor = 0, 53 current IRMS = 958 m. A with active PFC Power Factor = 0, 99 current IRMS = 628 m. A

Power Factor 1~AC with active PFC / without distorted AC current caused by rectifier Imains [m. A] Current harmonics with and without aktive PFC compared in the same duty point @ 230 V 50 Hz

EC-fan connected to 1~AC mains cables, switches and fuses are dimensioned according to current ! L IRMS w/o PFC aktive PFC 150% 277 V / 60 Hz passive PFC 144% 100% ECM N EC fan without PFC shows plus 50% more current draw

Harmonic Current typical values ! referenced to 1 st harmonic ! Harmonic No active PFC w/o PFC passive PFC 1 100% 3 86% 82% 5% 5 61% 54% 4% 7 35% 28% 1% 9 13% 11% 3% 11 4% 4% 1% 13 8% 1% 1% 15 7% 2% 1% 17 3% 3% 0% 19 1% 2% 1%

EC-fan connected to 1~AC mains cables, switches and fuses are dimensioned according to current ! w/o PFC IRMS =150% passive PFC IRMS =144% active PFC IRMS =100% „passive“ PFC is not really effective for 1~AC mains!

Many 1~AC fans connected to 3~AC mains supply cables, switches and fuses are dimensioned according to current ! w/o PFC passive PFC active PFC IRMS L 1 L 2 150% 144% 318% 285% 100% INeutral 27% L 3 ECM N ECM EC fans without PFC show 12 -times as much current draw in Neutral ! ECM

Many 1~AC fans connected to 3~AC mains supply cables, switches and fuses are dimensioned according to current ! IRMS 150% w/o PFC INeutral 318% IRMS 144% passive PFC INeutral 285% IRMS 100% active PFC INeutral 27%

Many 1~AC fans connected to 3~AC mains supply Current in Phase and Neutral wire w/o PFC passive PFC active PFC IRMS 150% 144% 100% INeutral 318% 285% 27% EC fan w/o PFC shows 1, 5 - times as much phase current and 12 - times as much current in Neutral compared to active PFC!

RMS-current, THD, THF, & Power Factor No PFC Passive PFC Active PFC IRMSRel = 150% 144% THDi = 112% 103% THFactor 0. 75 0. 72 0. 073 PF 0. 67 0. 70 0. 997 100% 7. 4%

Power Factor with / without passive PFC / 1~AC mains Power Factor effective current with / without PFCebm-papst Controller Inetz [m. A] Current harmonics

Power Factor with / without passive PFC / 1~AC mains current w/o PFC is 50% higher as with active PFC w/o PFC IRMS = 0, 96 A with PFC IRMS = 0, 64 A

Power Factor with / without passive PFC / 3~AC mains Inetz [m. A] frequency inverter, mains (3~AC) 100% set-rate without PFC Power Factor 0, 54 P 1 : 2, 2 k. W PS : 4, 0 k. VA IN : 6, 0 A EC-SYSTEMS, mains (3~AC) 100% set-rate with passive PFC Power Factor 0, 93 P 1 : 1, 75 k. W PS : 1, 85 k. VA 2, 8 A IN :

Effektive Current definition / formula IRMS =

THD Total Harmonic Distortion current definition / formula THDi =

THF Total Harmonic Factor current definition / formula THFi = =

Power Factor Definition / formula PF = effective power / apparent power PF = = =

Effective current and Power Factor = low Power Factor means high current high installation cost